Table 2 Summary of the characteristics of the 15 studies included in the systematic review
Authors names | Year | Total sample size | Groups | Test group sample size | Enamel condition in test group | CPP- ACP protocol of application | Duration of application | Number of applications | SBS (MPa) | Control group sample size | Enamel condition in control group | Control groups protocol | SBS (MPa) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||||||||||||
Xiaojun et al . | 2009 | 72 | 4 | 18 | Sound | Solution (Tooth Mousse+ artificial saliva, 1:10) before phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Blugloo) | 60 mins | 5 | 20.89 | 4.93 | 18 | Sound | No pretreatment + Artificial saliva + phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Blugloo) | 17.12 | 5.57 |
18 | Sound | Solution (Tooth Mousse+ artificial saliva, 1:10) before phosphoric acid etching + chemical cure adhesive (Unite Bonding Adhesive) | 60 mins | 5 | 27.98 | 9.16 | 18 | Sound | No pretreatment + Artificial saliva + phosphoric acid etching + chemical cured adhesive (Unite Bonding Adhesive) | 26.38 | 7.58 | ||||
Tabrizi and Cakirer | 2011 | 80 | 4 | 20 | Sound | Paste (GC Tooth Mousse) before phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Light Bond) | 3 mins | NR | 22.57 | 4.32 | 20 | Sound | No pretreatment +phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Light Bond) | 21.02 | 5.24 |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 20 | Sound | 5% NaF varnish (Duraphat) +phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Light Bond) | 14.02 | 4.64 | ||||
20 | Sound | 5% NaF varnish (Duraphat) + CPP-ACP (GC Tooth Moose) + phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Light Bond) | 21.69 | 3.57 | |||||||||||
Uysal et al | 2011 | 80 | 4 | 20 | Demineralized | Paste (GC Tooth Mousse) before phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 5 mins | 10 | 22.0 | 3.6 | 20 | Sound | No pretreatment + phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 24.1 | 4.0 |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 20 | Demineralized | No pretreatment + Artificial saliva + phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 6.6 | 3.9 | ||||
20 | Demineralized | Flouride gel (Fluoridin N5) + phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 17.1 | 2.9 | |||||||||||
Baysal andUysal | 2012 | 100 | 5 | 20 | Demineralized | Paste (GC Tooth Mousse) before phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 5 mins | 10 | 22.0 | 3.6 | 20 | Sound | No pretreatment + Phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 24.1 | 4.1 |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 20 | Demineralized | No pretreatment + Phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 6.6 | 3.9 | ||||
20 | Demineralized | Microabrasion + phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 16.2 | 1.5 | |||||||||||
20 | Demineralized | Microabrasion + CPP-ACP Gel (GC Tooth Mousse) + phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 24.3 | 1.9 | |||||||||||
Çehreli et al | 2012 | 66 | 6 | 10 | Sound | Paste (MI Paste) before phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | NR | NR | 5.74 | 1.67 | 10 | Sound | No pretreatment+ phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 8.88 | 1.61 |
10 | Sound | Paste (MI Paste) before self etching adhesive (Transbond Plus) | NR | NR | 7.33 | 2.2 | 10 | Sound | No pretreatment + self etching adhesive (Transbond Plus) | 9.08 | 1.45 | ||||
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 10 | Sound | CPP-ACPF (MI Paste plus) + phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 8.82 | 1.54 | ||||
10 | Sound | CPP-ACPF (MI Paste plus) + self etching adhesive (Transbond Plus) | 8.11 | 1.59 | |||||||||||
Park et al | 2013 | 60 | 4 | 15 | Sound | Paste (GC Tooth Mousse) before phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 3 mins | 28 | 18.48 | 2.19 | 15 | Sound | No pretreatment+ phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 18.66 | 2.31 |
| Â | Sound | Paste (GC Tooth Mousse) before self etching primer (Transbond Plus) + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 3 mins | 28 | 15.51 | 1.71 | 15 | Sound | No pretreatment + self etching primer (Transbond Plus) + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 15.75 | 1.77 | ||||
Al-Kawari and Al-Jobair | 2014 | 112 | 7 | 16 | Sound | Paste ( MI Paste ) before phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 33 mins | 1 | 13.37 | 4.79 | 16 | Sound | No pretreatment + phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 11.25 | 4.27 |
16 | Sound | Paste ( MI Paste ) after phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 33 mins | 1 | 15.65 | 5.87 | 16 | Sound | CPP-ACPF (MI paste plus) before phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 11.05 | 4.85 | ||||
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 16 | Sound | CPP-ACPF (MI paste plus) after phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 16.35 | 3.81 | ||||
16 | Sound | 5% NaF varnish (Fluoraphat) before phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 8.86 | 4.35 | |||||||||||
16 | Sound | 5% NaF varnish (Fluoraphat) after phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 12.56 | 3.74 | |||||||||||
Ladhe et al | 2014 | 120 | 6 | 20 | Sound | Solution (GC Tooth Mousse+ artificial saliva, 1:10) before phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 60 mins | 5 | 9.76 | 3.33 | 20 | Sound | No pretreatment + phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 10.67 | 4.6 |
20 | Sound | Solution (GC Tooth Mousse+ artificial saliva, 1:10) before phosphoric acid etching + chemical cured adhesive (Unite Bonding Adhesive) | 60 mins | 5 | 7.52 | 1.51 | 20 | Sound | No pretreatment + phosphoric acid etching + chemical cured adhesive (Unite Bonding Adhesive) | 10.12 | 4.04 | ||||
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 20 | Sound | CPP-ACPF (GC Tooth Mousse Plus) + phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 12.07 | 2.96 | ||||
20 | Sound | CPP-ACPF (GC Tooth Mousse Plus) + phosphoric acid etching + chemical cured adhesive (Unite Bonding Adhesive) | 7.36 | 2.54 | |||||||||||
Baka et al | 2016 | 140 | 7 | 20 | Demineralized | Paste (GC Tooth Mousse) before self etching primer (Transbond Plus)+ light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 5 mins | 10 | 9.04 | 2.64 | 20 | Sound | No pretreatment + Self etching primer (Transbond Plus)+ light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 10.21 | 2.26 |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 20 | Demineralized | No pretreatment+ Self etching primer (Transbond Plus)+ light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 2.26 | 1.46 | ||||
20 | Demineralized | Fluoride gel (Bifluorid 12) + self etching primer (Transbond Plus)+ light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 7.92 | 2.12 | |||||||||||
20 | Demineralized | Microabrasion (Cuxhaven) + self etching primer (Transbond Plus)+ light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 6.18 | 1.65 | |||||||||||
20 | Demineralized | Microabrasion (Opalstrue) + self etching primer (Transbond Plus)+ light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 6.54 | 1.83 | |||||||||||
20 | Demineralized | Resin infilteration (Icon) + self etching primer (Transbond Plus)+ light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 10.06 | 2.08 | |||||||||||
Velİ et al | 2016 | 140 | 7 | 20 | Demineralized | Paste (GC Tooth Mousse) before phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 5 mins | 10 | 16.2 | 1.4 |  | Sound | No pretreatment + phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 18.8 | 2 |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Demineralized | No pretreatment + phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 6.8 | 1.1 | ||||
| Â | Demineralized | Fluoride varnish (Bifluoride 12) + phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 11.5 | 1.2 | |||||||||||
| Â | Demineralized | Microabrasion (prepared mixture) + phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 12.6 | 1.5 | |||||||||||
| Â | Demineralized | Microabrasion (Opalustre) + phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 14.8 | 1.1 | |||||||||||
| Â | Demineralized | Resin infilteration (Icon) + phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 19.1 | 1.4 | |||||||||||
Farhadian et al | 2017 | 80 | 5 | 16 | Demineralized | Paste (GC Tooth Mousse) before phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 7 mins | 20 | 12.53 | 7.16 | 16 | Demineralized | No pretreatment + phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 9.53 | 6.0 |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 16 | Demineralized | CO2 laser irradiation + phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 20.62 | 8.64 | ||||
16 | Demineralized | CO2 laser irradiation before CPP-ACP (GC Tooth Mousse) + phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 9.04 | 4.46 | |||||||||||
16 | Demineralized | CO2 laser irradiation through CPP-ACP (GC Tooth Mousse) + phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 9.96 | 4.54 | |||||||||||
Gulec and Goymen | 2019 | 80 | 4 | 20 | Demineralized | Paste (GC Tooth Mousse) before phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 5 mins | 28 | 4.8 | 1.97 | 20 | Sound | No pretreatment + Phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 16.83 | 4.75 |
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 20 | Demineralized | No pretreatment + Phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 13.07 | 3.73 | ||||
20 | Demineralized | Resin infilteration (Icon) + phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 4.36 | 2.24 | |||||||||||
Topsakal and Amuk | 2019 | 150 | 10 | 15 | Demineralized | Paste (GC Tooth Mousse) after phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 3 min | NR | 18.35 | 5.87 | 15 | Sound | No pretreatment + phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 17.96 | 5.26 |
15 | Demineralized | Paste (GC Tooth Mousse) after phosphoric acid etching + resin-modified GIC (Fuji Ortho LC) | 3 min | NR | 11.74 | 4.94 | 15 | Sound | No pretreatment + resin-modified GIC (Fuji Ortho LC) | 10.86 | 5.42 | ||||
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 15 | Demineralized | No pretreatment + phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 16.37 | 6.78 | ||||
15 | Demineralized | No pretreatment + resin-modified GIC (Fuji Ortho LC) | 10.87 | 6.88 | |||||||||||
15 | Demineralized | 5% NaF varnish (Duraphat) + phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 22.99 | 5.16 | |||||||||||
15 | Demineralized | 5% NaF varnish (Duraphat) + resin-modified GIC (Fuji Ortho LC) | 130.07 | 5.14 | |||||||||||
15 | Demineralized | Fluoride gel (Gelato APF gel) + phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 15.66 | 5.37 | |||||||||||
15 | Demineralized | Fluoride gel (Gelato APF gel)+ resin-modified GIC (Fuji Ortho LC) | 11.67 | 5.61 | |||||||||||
Uy et al | 2019 | 80 | 10 | 8 | Demineralized | Solution (1 gm GC Tooth Mousse + 4 ml deionized water) before phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) + thermocycling | 24 hours | 30 | 8.84 | 0.94 | 8 | Sound | No pretreatment + Light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) + thermocycling | 9.64 | 0.45 |
8 | Demineralized | Solution (1 gm GC Tooth Mousse + 4 ml deionized water) before phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) No thermocycling | 24 hours | 30 | 9.04 | 2.1 | 8 | Demineralized | No pretreatment + Phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) + thermocycling | 3.29 | 0.28 | ||||
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8 | Demineralized | 0.21% NaF (ClinPro Tooth Crème) + phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) + thermocycling | 8.09 | 1.37 | ||||
8 | Demineralized | CPP ACPF (GC Tooth mousse plus) phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) + thermocycling | 9.73 | 0.61 | |||||||||||
8 | Sound | No pretreatment + Phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) No thermocycling | 11.65 | 1.15 | |||||||||||
8 | Demineralized | No pretreatment + Phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) No thermocycling | 4.47 | 0.83 | |||||||||||
8 | Demineralized | 0.21% NaF (ClinPro Tooth Crème) phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) No thermocycling | 9.64 | 1.14 | |||||||||||
8 | Demineralized | CPP ACPF (GC Tooth mousse plus) phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) No thermocycling | 11.73 | 1.07 | |||||||||||
Daneshkazemi et al | 2021 | 160 | 8 | 20 | Sound | Paste (GC Tooth Mousse) before phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 5 mins | 5 | 13.69 | 4.25 | 20 | Sound | No pretreatment + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 12.82 | 2.73 |
20 | Demineralized | Paste (GC Tooth Mousse) before phosphoric acid etching + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 5 mins | 5 | 12.39 | 2.52 | 20 | Demineralized | No pretreatment + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 3.51 | 1.37 | ||||
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 20 | Sound | 5 % NaF varnish (FlouroDose) + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 9.97 | 3.03 | ||||
20 | Sound | Resin infilteration (Icon) + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 13.73 | 2.19 | |||||||||||
20 | Demineralized | 5 % NaF varnish (FlouroDose) + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 8.34 | 1.66 | |||||||||||
20 | Demineralized | Resin infilteration (Icon) + light cure adhesive (Transbond XT) | 12.34 | 4.47 | |||||||||||