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Table 1 Classification of salivary diseases according to the modified Marchal classification

From: A comparative study of three-dimensional cone-beam CT sialography and MR sialography for the detection of non-tumorous salivary pathologies

Classification of sialolithiasis

L 0

Absence of sialolithiasis

L 1

Floating calculus

L 2

Embedded calculus

L 3

Obstructive calculus

Classification of stenosis

S 0

Absence of stenosis

S 1

Diaphragm-like intracanal stenosis (single or multiple)

S 2

Single duct stenosis

S 3

Multiple duct stenosis

S 4

Generalized stenosis (‘dead tree’ appearance)

Classification of dilatations

D 0

Absence of dilatation

D 1

Single duct dilatation

D 2

Multiple duct dilatations

D 3

Generalized dilatations