Table 1 Baseline distribution according to population characteristics and periodontitis status from the NHANES 2009-2010 cycle
No periodontitis | Mild periodontitis | Moderate periodontitis | Severe periodontitis | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 1580 | 1260 | 419 | 343 | |
CRP (mg/dL) | 0.4 ± 0.6 | 0.4 ± 0.8 | 0.5 ± 1.0 | 0.4 ± 0.8 | 0.0163 |
Age (years) | 47.3 ± 13.3 | 58.1 ± 14.0 | 56.6 ± 11.9 | 47.4 ± 13.0 | < 0.0001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 29.3 ± 6.5 | 29.5 ± 6.7 | 29.0 ± 6.0 | 30.6 ± 6.7 | 0.0606 |
Vitamin D intake (mcg) | 5.1 ± 4.3 | 5.1 ± 4.5 | 4.7 ± 3.8 | 5.5 ± 4.5 | 0.1974 |
Sex (%) | < 0.0001 | ||||
Male | 40.6 | 55.7 | 74.5 | 55.9 | |
Female | 59.4 | 44.3 | 25.5 | 44.1 | |
Race (%) | < 0.0001 | ||||
Non-Hispanic White | 76.2 | 66.8 | 52.6 | 61.5 | |
Mexican American | 5.0 | 9.1 | 16.5 | 13.5 | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 8.0 | 12.0 | 16.2 | 14.5 | |
Other Hispanic | 4.9 | 5.0 | 4.2 | 7.1 | |
Other Race | 5.9 | 7.2 | 10.5 | 3.3 | |
Marital Status (%) | 0.0020 | ||||
Married | 68.7 | 61.4 | 55.0 | 62.3 | |
Others | 20.2 | 27.2 | 28.1 | 25.0 | |
Divorced | 11.0 | 11.1 | 16.9 | 12.7 | |
Not recorded | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
Annual Family Income level (%) | < 0.0001 | ||||
Middle | 31.8 | 48.8 | 47.8 | 40.5 | |
High | 59.7 | 37.2 | 27.4 | 46.9 | |
Low | 5.7 | 10.9 | 18.3 | 9.0 | |
Not recorded | 2.7 | 3.1 | 6.5 | 3.5 | |
Flossing (%) | < 0.0001 | ||||
Never | 22.9 | 32.8 | 50.6 | 32.0 | |
Frequently | 32.3 | 34.7 | 24.8 | 21.0 | |
Moderately | 23.2 | 16.3 | 8.3 | 25.5 | |
Rarely | 20.2 | 14.8 | 13.9 | 20.2 | |
Not recorded | 1.3 | 1.4 | 2.4 | 1.3 | |
Arthritis (%) | < 0.0001 | ||||
No | 79.0 | 66.5 | 76.8 | 76.4 | |
Yes | 20.8 | 33.1 | 22.9 | 23.3 | |
Not recorded | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.3 | |
Alcohol consumption (%) | < 0.0001 | ||||
Mild | 37.1 | 35.5 | 31.4 | 38.4 | |
Heavy | 17.5 | 16.0 | 23.4 | 20.4 | |
Former | 12.1 | 17.3 | 17.9 | 13.7 | |
Moderate | 19.3 | 12.5 | 12.4 | 16.5 | |
Never | 8.0 | 12.2 | 8.5 | 5.5 | |
Not recorded | 6.1 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 5.6 | |
Hypertension (%) | < 0.0001 | ||||
No | 69.8 | 51.4 | 53.7 | 60.9 | |
Yes | 30.2 | 48.6 | 46.3 | 39.1 | |
Smoking status (%) | < 0.0001 | ||||
Never | 64.8 | 48.9 | 36.5 | 55.6 | |
Former | 23.7 | 30.6 | 27.5 | 24.9 | |
Current | 11.5 | 20.5 | 36.0 | 19.5 | |
COPD (%) | < 0.0001 | ||||
No | 96.0 | 90.3 | 91.6 | 94.8 | |
Yes | 4.0 | 9.7 | 8.4 | 5.2 | |
Cardiovascular disease (%) | < 0.0001 | ||||
No | 95.9 | 88.4 | 87.9 | 95.2 | |
Yes | 4.1 | 11.6 | 12.1 | 4.8 | |
Diabetes (%) | < 0.0001 | ||||
No | 82.4 | 70.5 | 67.5 | 80.7 | |
Yes | 17.6 | 29.5 | 32.5 | 19.3 | |
BMI (%) | 0.0018 | ||||
< 25 | 29.8 | 28.0 | 27.0 | 16.2 | |
≥25 - <30 | 34.3 | 35.0 | 37.6 | 38.3 | |
≥30 | 35.9 | 37.1 | 35.4 | 45.5 |