Table 1 Two-way mixed ANOVA and pairwise comparisons of Ra among three groups at different time intervals

ZB

0.398 ± 0.043

0.845 ± 0.060

0.424 ± 0.038

90.203

 < 0.001

0.834

TC

0.408 ± 0.038

0.936 ± 0.045

0.410 ± 0.046

WS

0.408 ± 0.037

1.326 ± 0.070

0.644 ± 0.038

P֯

0.735

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Simple main effect for group (p-values)

 ZB vs. TC

0.001

0.377

 ZB vs. WS

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 TC vs. WS

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Simple main effect for time (p-values)

ZB

TC

WS

 T0 vs. T1

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 T0 vs. T2

0.428

1.000

 < 0.001

 T1 vs. T2

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001