Skip to main content

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to assess associated factors with the level of Candida.

From: Presence of Candida and its associated factors in participants attending oral cancer screening in the lower northeastern area of Thailand

Variable

Candida

High levels

Low levels

(n = 411)

High levels

(n = 166)

n (%)

n (%)

OR (unadjusted)

(95% CI)

p value

OR (adjusted)

(95% CI)

p value

Age (years)

      

 40–60

145 (84.8)

26 (15.2)

1

 

1

 

 61–69

143 (72.6)

54 (27.4)

2.11 (1.25–3.55)

0.05

1.87 (1.06–3.30)

0.03*

 ≥ 70

123 (58.9)

86 (41.1)

3.90 (2.40–6.43)

< 0.001*

2.65 (1.52–4.62)

< 0.001*

Gender

      

 Male

168 (89.4)

20 (10.6)

1

 

1

 

 Female

243 (62.5)

146 (37.5)

5.05 (3.04–8.38)

< 0.001*

2.62 (1.47–4.65)

< 0.001*

Smoking status

      

 Non-smoker

321 (67.2)

157 (32.8)

1

 

1

 

 Current smoker

90 (90.9)

9 (9.1)

0.20 (0.10–0.42)

< 0.001*

0.72 (0.31–1.65)

0.439

Use of smokeless tobacco

      

 Non-user

366 (72.2)

141 (27.8)

1

 

1

 

 Current user

45 (64.3)

25 (35.7)

1.44 (0.85–2.44)

0.171

1.40 (0.73–2.68)

0.311

Alcohol consumption

      

 Non-drinker

317 (68.5)

146 (31.5)

1

 

1

 

 Current alcohol drinker

94 (82.5)

20 (17.5)

0.46 (0.27–0.78)

0.03*

1.05 (0.55–1.98)

0.891

Betel quid chewing habit

      

 Non-chewer

315 (82.0)

69 (18.0)

1

 

1

 

 Current chewer

96 (49.7)

97 (50.3)

4.62 (3.14–6.77)

< 0.001*

2.82 (1.77–4.51)

< 0.001*

Working in the fields with strong sunlight

      

 No

172 (63.9)

97 (36.1)

1

 

1

 

 Yes

239 (77.6)

69 (22.4)

0.51 (0.36–0.74)

< 0.001*

0.86 (0.56–1.31)

0.476

Having irritation in the oral cavity

      

 No

325 (72.7)

122 (27.3)

1

 

1

 

 Yes

86 (66.2)

44 (33.8)

1.36 (0.90–2.07)

0.146

1.22 (0.71–2.07)

0.473

History of medical illness

      

 No

185 (74.6)

63 (25.4)

1

 

1

 

 Yes

226 (68.7)

103 (31.3)

1.34 (0.93–1.94)

0.121

1.48 (0.93–2.36)

0.102

Diabetes mellitus

      

 No

328 (71.3)

132 (28.7)

1

 

1

 

 Yes

83 (70.9)

34 (29.1)

1.02 (0.65–1.59)

0.938

0.77 (0.47–1.27)

0.312

Use of denture

      

 No

364 (71.9)

142 (28.1)

1

 

1

 

 Yes

47 (66.2)

24 (33.8)

1.31 (0.77–2.22)

0.317

1.96 (1.07–3.61)

0.03*

Xerostomia

      

 No

241 (73.9)

85 (26.1)

1

 

1

 

 Yes

170 (67.7)

81 (32.3)

1.35 (0.94–1.94)

0.103

1.24 (0.81–1.91)

0.319

Hyposalivation (< 0.7 ml/min)

      

 No

183 (83.2)

37 (16.8)

1

 

1

 

 Yes

228 (63.9)

129 (36.1)

2.80 (1.85–4.23)

< 0.001*

2.27 (1.44–3.60)

< 0.001*

Clinical diagnosis

      

 NOM

102 (77.3)

30 (22.7)

1

 

1

 

 OPMDs/OC

113 (68.5)

52 (31.5)

1.57 (0.93–2.64)

0.093

1.08 (0.60–1.96)

0.803

 Non-OPMDs/OC

155 (79.1)

41 (20.9)

0.90 (0.53–1.53)

0.697

0.96 (0.53–1.74)

0.893

 CSOC

41 (48.8)

43 (51.2)

3.57 (1.98–6.43)

< 0.001*

2.69 (1.39–5.22)

0.003*

  1. *Bold values denote statistical significance at the p < 0.05 level.
  2. *Adjust for age, gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, betel quid chewing, exposure to sunlight, irritation, medical history, diabetes mellitus, use of denture, xerostomia, hyposalivation and clinical diagnosis.
Back to article page

BMC Oral Health

ISSN: 1472-6831

Contact us