Table 1 The materials used in the study

ALL-BOND UNIVERSAL

(Universal Adhesive)

Bisphenol A diglycidylmethacrylate, ethanol, MDP, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, Water, Initiator, pH 3.2

BISCO,

Schaumburg, USA

2100001403

Tetric N-Ceram

(Nano-hybrid composite)

Dimethacrylates (19–20 wt%); the fillers contain barium glass, ytterbium trifluoride, mixed oxide and copolymers (80-81wt.%). Additives, initiators, stabilizers and pigments are additional contents (˂ 1 wt%). The total content of inorganic fillers is 55–57 vol%. The particle size of inorganic fillers is between 40 and 3000 nm.

Ivoclar Vivadent,

Liechtenstein

Z00N7K