Table 1 The comparison between the groups in terms of sociodemographic, anthropometric, and oral care characteristics

Age, year

8.3 (7.2–9.7)

9.3 (7.9–10.5)

0.077^a

Gender, male

47.1

54.9

0.360^b

Birth order

 1^st

43.1

45.1

0.818^b

  ≥ 2^nd

56.9

54.9

Breastfeeding at least six months

100.0

96.1

-

Total duration of breastfeeding, month

12 (6–20)

12 (6–21)

0.577^a

Pacifier use

49.0

40.2

0.299^b

Duration of pacifier use, month

0 (0–12)

0 (0–12)

0.331^a

Feeding bootle use

58.8

58.8

1.00^b

Duration of feeding bottle use, month

9 (0–14)

7 (0–12)

0.850^a

Maternal age, year

37.1 ± 5.8

37.4 ± 5.7

0.765^c

Paternal age, year

42.0 ± 5.8

41.0 ± 5.6

0.312^c

Maternal occupation, working mom

19.6

18.6

0.884^b

Maternal educational level

 Primary school

39.2

50.0

0.207^b

 High school/college

60.8

50.0

Paternal educational level

 Primary school

35.3

41.2

0.482^b

 High school/college

64.7

58.8

Number of children in the family

2 (2–3)

2 (2–3)

0.357^a

Family structure, nuclear

84.3

80.4

0.554^b

Family income level

 High

7.8

6.9

0.974^b

 Middle

43.1

43.1

 Low

49.0

50.0

Settlement, urban

64.7

56.9

0.352^b

Z-score

 Height for age

-0.32 (-0.79 to 0.55)

0.21 (-0.51 to 0.74)

0.064^a

 Weight for age

-0.21 (-0.78 to 0.34)

-0.13 (-0.72 to 0.55)

0.539^a

 Body mass index

-0.34 (-0.59 to 0.61)

-0.28 (-0.69 to 0.44)

0.501^a

Having own toothbrush

100.0

100.0

-

Having daily toothbrushing habit

70.6

47.1

0.006^b

Toothbrushing frequency

 Never

7.8

10.8

0.028^b

 Once or twice a week

21.6

42.1

 Once a day

31.4

26.5

 Twice a day

39.2

20.6

Brushing teeth

 On own

85.1

83.5

-

 On own under parent

14.9

14.3

 Supervision assisted

0.0

2.2

Using toothpaste

100.0

100.0

-

 Adult toothpaste

25.5

48.4

0.010^b

 Children's toothpaste

74.5

51.6

Visiting a dentist

 For the first time

21.6

20.6

0.142^b

 When he/she has a toothache

58.8

70.6

 Regularly once or twice per year

19.6

8.8