Table 5 Analyses of the association between COVID-19, periodontitis, and inflammatory markers

Serum CRP (mg/dL)

MC

18.48 ± 23.52 (26)

27.77 ± 23.96 (22)

38.09 ± 24.11 (11)

25.60 ± 24.51 (59)

COVID-19 Only

0.063

Periodontitis Only

0.098

SC

26.43 ± 23.64 (7)

40.44 ± 25.06 (12)

32.75 ± 24.74 (24)

33.87 ± 24.53 (43)

Interaction Model:

COVID-19

0.152

Total

20.17 ± 23.41 (33)

32.24 ± 24.75 (34)

34.43 ± 24.32 (35)

29.09 ± 24.74 (102)

Periodontitis

0.131

COVID-19 × Perio

0.225

Saliva CRP (mg/dL)

MC

0.83 ± 1.68 (26)

1.27 ± 2.69 (22)

2.45 ± 2.91 (11)

1.30 ± 2.38 (59)

COVID-19 Only

0.230

Periodontitis Only

0.080

SC

0.43 ± 1.13 (7)

2.33 ± 2.39 (12)

1.87 ± 2.66 (24)

1.77 ± 2.44 (43)

Interaction Model:

COVID-19

0.587

Total

0.75 ± 1.58 (33)

1.65 ± 2.60 (34)

2.06 ± 2.71 (35)

1.50 ± 2.40 (102)

Periodontitis

0.063

COVID-19 × Perio

0.276

Serum IL-6 (pg/dL)

MC

5.52 ± 8.71 (25)

9.82 ± 14.03 (25)

9.71 ± 8.81 (11)

8.04 ± 11.25 (61)

COVID-19 Only

 < 0.001^*

Periodontitis Only

0.002^*

SC

9.53 ± 6.09 (7)

15.13 ± 14.28 (14)

23.52 ± 23.56 (25)

18.84 ± 19.74 (46)

Interaction Model:

COVID-19

0.002^*

Total

6.39 ± 8.29 (32)

11.73 ± 14.16 (39)

19.30 ± 21.08 (36)

12.68 ± 16.31 (107)

Periodontitis

0.101

COVID-19 × Perio

0.596

Saliva IL-6 (pg/dL)

MC

1.37 ± 1.56 (25)

3.28 ± 5.39 (25)

3.11 ± 2.55 (11)

2.47 ± 3.81 (61)

COVID-19 Only

 < 0.001^*

Periodontitis Only

0.006^*

SC

2.43 ± 1.52 (7)

5.35 ± 6.14 (14)

7.17 ± 8.22 (25)

5.90 ± 7.08 (46)

Interaction Model:

COVID-19

0.004^*

Total

1.60 ± 1.59 (32)

4.03 ± 5.68 (39)

5.93 ± 7.20 (36)

3.94 ± 5.69 (107)

Periodontitis

0.101

COVID-19 × Perio

0.744