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Table 1 The information about the root canal instruments

From: Nickel ion release and surface analyses on instrument fragments fractured beyond the apex: a laboratory investigation

Instrument (Manufacturer details)

Abbreviation

Size. Colour. Alloy Ψ

Lot#

C + Ready·Steel hand instruments (Dentsply Sirona, Maillefer Instruments Holding Sarl, Ballaigues, Switzerland)

SS

15/0.08. Grey. Stainless steel: 69.5% Iron (CAS#13097-37-1); 18% Chromium (CAS#7440-47-3); 9% Nickel (CAS#7440-02-0); 2% Manganese (CAS#7439-96-5); 0.75% Cobalt (CAS#7440-48-4).

1367753

miniSCOPE M3 (Scope Endodontic System, Gtech Dizayn Co., Yozgat, Turkey)

MS

25/ 0.06. Yellowish. Heat-treated yellowish NiTi alloy. Ni:Ti = 55.1:44.9 (wt%/wt%).

GN121

Rotate (VDW GmbH, Munich, Germany)

RO

25/ 0.06. Blue wire: heat-treated NiTi alloy.

Ni:Ti = 54.8:45.2 (wt%/wt%).

291814

Hyflex CM (Coltene-Whaledent, Allstetten, Switzerland)

HCM

25/ 0.06. Yellowish. CM wire: heat-treated NiTi alloy. Ni:Ti = 54.4:45.6 (wt%/wt%).

F83368

One Curve (MicroMega SA, Besançon Cedex, France)

OC

25/ 0.06. Yellowish. C wire: heat-treated NiTi alloy. Ni:Ti = 53.8:46.2 (wt%/wt%).

96344628

ProTaper Next X2 (Dentsply-Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland)

PTN

25/ 0.06v*. Grey. M-wire NiTi alloy.

Ni:Ti = 55.0:45.0 (wt%/wt%).

1593764

  1. The group assignments are arbitrarily ordered in the table. *v: variable taper. Ψ The information is derived from manufacturer data