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Table 3 Comparison between prediction error of model and inter-observer variation (unit: mm)

From: Automatic craniomaxillofacial landmarks detection in CT images of individuals with dentomaxillofacial deformities by a two-stage deep learning model

Region

Prediction error

of the model

Inter-observer variation

Mean difference

p-value

 

Mean

Std

Mean

Std

  

R-ZR

1.74

0.82

2.09

1.23

-0.35

>0.05

 L-ZR

2.02

0.98

1.98

0.87

0.04

>0.05

FR

1.58

0.77

1.50

0.90

0.08

>0.05

NR

1.93

0.96

1.69

0.78

0.24

>0.05

TR

1.74

0.88

0.71

0.53

1.03

<0.05

MER

2.23

1.09

2.26

0.94

-0.03

>0.05

R-MAR

1.90

0.96

1.99

0.87

-0.09

>0.05

 L-MAR

1.97

0.89

2.28

0.86

-0.31

>0.05

SR

1.22

0.44

0.85

0.61

0.37

>0.05