Table 3 Categories, subcategories and quotes regarding knowledge, attitudes, and practices before and after the strategy
Category | Subcategory | G1 Phrases | G2 Phrases | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Before | Immediate impact | Impact after six months | Before | Immediate impact | Impact after six months | ||
1. Concept of caries and its etiology | 1.1 Accurate concept of caries associated to etiology | Consequence: *Due to not brushing teeth or due to brushing them incorrectly *Due to eating too much candy *Tooth-damaging bacteria | *Bacteria: -They feed on sweets or food. -High consumption of sweets. -Due to not brushing teeth. *Consequence: -Not brushing teeth or not brushing them properly. -Due to eating too much candy *The candy produces acids and tooth decay appears. | *Bacteria: -They feed on sweets or food. -High consumption of sweets. -Due to not brushing teeth properly. *Consequence: -Not brushing teeth or not brushing them properly -Due to eating too much candy *Candy produces acids and tooth decay appears. | *Consequence: -Not brushing teeth or brushing them incorrectly -Due to eating too much candy *Tooth-damaging bacteria | *Bacteria: -Deteriorate teeth. *Consequence: -Poor hygiene and not going to the dentist -Due to not brushing teeth or brushing them incorrectly -Due to eating sweets | *Tooth-damaging bacteria *Consequence: -Due to not brushing teeth or brushing them incorrectly -Due to eating too much candy |
1.2 Lack of knowledge | 1. Does not know | - | - | Does not know | 1. I do not remember | - | |
1.3 Misconception | *Rotten tooth *Bad breath *Black tooth *Tooth pain | *When the tooth turns black | *Starts when acid is ingested | *Tooth pain *Black spot. *Hole *Bad breath *Hereditary disease *Tartar and crust | *Black spot *Pain in the teeth | *Generates bad odor *Starts with a black spot | |
2. Sign of caries | 2.1 Early sign | *White spot | *White spot *White spot that turns yellow or forms a hole. | *White spot *White or yellow stain *Coloration change | *White-to-yellow stain | *White spot | *White or yellow spot |
2.2 Lack of knowledge | * Does not know *It’s something ugly *Red gum *Bad odor *When told by the dentist | *Smells bad | *Changes in the gum | *Yellow teeth *Bleeding in the gum *Stains and dirt | *Stains on teeth *Yellow teeth *Bringing to follow up | *Inflammation *Bad odor *Spots appearing *When told by the dentist | |
2.3 Late sign | *Black or brown stain *Pain in the mouth *A hole starts to appear | *Pain in the teeth | *Pain in the teeth *Black or brown stain *Stain with hole | *Pain in the teeth or in the mouth *Hole *Black spot *When it looks dark | *When the tooth is pitted *Pain in the teeth *Dark teeth *Black spot *Some indentation on tooth | *Black teeth *Pain in the teeth. *Cracks in the teeth *Black or brown stain | |
3. Effect of candy on tooth decay | 3.1 Association between sugar and caries-producing bacteria | - | *Sugar gives energy/food to bacteria *Sweets are associated with bacteria and damage the tooth. | *It is like a bacterium | - | *The sweet forms more bacteria *It causes bacteria to accumulate on the teeth. | *Bacteria stick to the teeth and damage them |
3.2 Association of sugar with caries without linking it to bacteria | - | *Sweets stay in the teeth and cause cavities *Sugar helps to promote tooth decay | *They produce acids that damage the teeth. *Deteriorated teeth *Formation of dental plaque *They help tooth decay to form | *Produces caries by forming cavities. *Sugar eats fluoride out of teeth | *Deteriorates the tooth *Accumulates/adheres and helps tooth decay to form *Begins to give stains and bad breath *Poison for teeth | *It pits the tooth *Consuming too much is bad *It accumulates in the teeth and damages/eats away at the teeth. *Decalcifies | |
3.3 Unawareness | *Does not know *Soda pop causes the stains *The candy stays on the gums or teeth. | *If there is no good cleaning, sugar accumulates. | *Does not know | *Does not know *I know they are bad | *It is formed as a small rock that eats the tooth *Does not know | *It is formed as a small rock that eats the tooth *Does not know | |
3.4 Lack of knowledge | Not applicable | *Does not remember | *Does not remember | Not applicable | *Does not remember | *Does not remember | |
4. Actions that prevent caries development | 4.1 Correct preventive action | *Brushing teeth: -Good brushing *Decreasing the intake of sweets. *Attending the dental consultation *Good nutrition *Take your child to the dentist from an early age. | *Visit to the dentist *Small amount of sweets *Teaching how to brush teeth. *Dental floss *Apply fluoride *Brushing teeth: -Good brushing -Constant *Good nutrition | *Visit to the dentist *Good tooth brushing *Consuming small amounts of sweets *Flossing | *Brushing teeth: -Regularly -3 times a day -Good brushing *Not eating sweets *Flossing *Eating healthy *Visiting the dentist | *Flossing *Visit to the dentist *Avoiding eating sweets *Daily brushing, 3 times per day *Healthy eating *Care for baby teeth | *Brush well when eating sweets *Brushing teeth: -3 times a day -With toothpaste and brush *Flossing *Eating small amounts of sweets |
4.2 Confusion about the action | *Brushing teeth: -Every day *Not eating a lot of flour | *Mouthwash *Good hygiene | - | *Brushing teeth: -Once a day -In the morning -Every day *Doing treatments | *Brushing teeth: -Every day -Good brushing -Good hygiene *Sealants | ||
4.3 Inappropriate action | - | - | - | *Washing with boiled water | *Brushing at all times with baking soda. | ||
5. Visit to the dentist | 5.1 Early visit | *Follow up *Preventing diseases *To learn *Every six months *During the growth and development program *When the first teeth came in *When I was one year old | *Every six months *Every three to six months *Every six months or sooner when there is any problem *To get good advice *Protects teeth | *As follow up *Every six months | *Follow up *Every six months *If there are no cavities, every six months | *Every three to six months *Every six months *For follow up *As prevention | *Every six months *For follow up *When going to growth and development |
5.2 Lack of knowledge | *Does not remember when they took it *Take it every month or every two months | - | - | *Every three months | *Every time the dentist says so *When necessary | *Takes her every month *Every three months | |
5.3 Late visit | *The parents don’t have time *When spots are visible *When there is discomfort or pain. *Every year *Has not taken them *When the dentist says | *I took them for the first time during this activity. | *Every year *I have only taken them during the study activity *Pain | *When there is pain *When you see spots or black spots *Every year *I haven’t taken her for a while *They have not taken them | *Every year *To remove a tooth *Because of the pandemic they have not taken him *They took him for the first time during the study. | *Due to an emergency | |
6. Responsibility of person who brushes the teeth | 6.1 Commitment to oral health | *The grandmother teaches them *The parents *The mother *The father *The grandmother *Whoever is in charge of the child | *The father and the mother *The mother *The person in charge *The grandmother | *The father and the mother *The mother *The person in charge | *The mother *The parents *The parents, the grandmother. *Whoever is in charge of the child | *The mother *The parents *The grandmother *Whoever is in charge of the child | *The mother *The parents *The grandmother |
6.2 Shared responsibility | *Children brush and parents reinforce them | - | - | - | - | - | |
6.3 Lack of clarity | *Teaching to brush | - | - | - | - | - | |
6.4 Delegation of responsibility | *Delegate to the child the responsibility of brushing the teeth | - | - | *The siblings | - | - | |
7. Tooth brushing | 7.1 Small amount of toothpaste | *Uses small amount of toothpaste | Amount of toothpaste: *The tip of the brush *Like a grain of rice *The nail of the little finger *One pea kernel | Amount of toothpaste: *The tip of the brush *Like a grain of rice *The nail of the little finger | Amount of toothpaste: *Two drops of toothpaste *The pinky fingernail. *Uses a small amount *Uses the measure of a grain of rice. | *Uses a small amount of toothpaste *Uses about as much as a grain of rice *Uses the measure of a grain of rice of the fluoride toothpaste. *Uses a dot of toothpaste | *Uses about as much as a grain of rice *Uses about as much as the pinky fingernail |
7.2 Confusion/ Unclear | - | - | - | - | *Uses different amounts of toothpaste | 1. Uses a small amount of fluoride-free toothpaste 2. Uses a small amount | |
7.3 Lots of toothpaste | Amount of toothpaste *Half of the toothbrush *The whole toothbrush | - | - | Amount of toothpaste: *The whole toothbrush *Half of the toothbrush | Amount of toothpaste: *Half of the toothbrush *The whole toothbrush *Less than half of the brush | *All brushing with fluoride cream *Half of the toothbrush | |
7.4 Other | *Mouthwash *Dental floss | - | - | - | - | - | |
8. Emotions | 8.1 Positive | *Anxiety: -Doesn’t have any -Has few *Motivates: -By educating -By buying nice toothbrushes *Likes to brush | *Anxiety: -Doesn’t have any -Has little *Before, he would get nervous, but now he is more confident. *He was not afraid during the activity *He was calm during his first time Motivates: -He tells her that she looks pretty with clean teeth. -With videos | *Anxiety: -Doesn’t have any - Has little *They were scared, but they felt good *They are calmer *Motivates: -Teaches and explains how to care for teeth -Saying they will have a nice smile -With videos of children with cavities -With the example of the parents -To make it smell good | *Anxiety: -No anxiety *Motivates: -Singing the Colgate song -Brushing their teeth beside her -Teaches them to brush *Likes to brush *She takes the initiative | *Anxiety: -No anxiety *Motivates: -To have a nice smile and clean teeth. -Teaching how to brush teeth *They ask to have their teeth brushed | *Anxiety: -Doesn’t have any -She was calmer during the study *Motivates: -Explaining what is happening -Inviting them to brush their teeth with you -Indicates that brushing kills the little bugs -Playing videos of dolls -Singing the Colgate song |
8.2 None | *Doesn’t know if it gives them anxiety *Does not need to motivate | - | - | - | *She cried a little and was soothed with stickers. | - | |
8.3 Negative | *Very nervous about everything *They are scared when they are at the dentist’s office *Motivates: -By reprimanding -By threatening | - | - | Anxiety: *She starts to cry *She is scared Motivates: -Does not like to brush -Saying they have dirty teeth -By reprimanding -By threatening | *Anxiety: -They have it -They get nervous -They get scared -She cries and screams *Motivates: -Telling them that if they don’t brush their teeth, they get ugly. | *Anxiety: -They have it -Not all dentists have the same patience. Motivates: -Threatens them saying that they will permanently have a grimace -Threatens to take him to the dentist. | |