Fig. 1

Hypoadiponectinemia and insulin resistance induced by periodontitis in rats. (A) Micro-CT images show the representative three-dimensional contours of alveolar bone in the control group and the periodontitis group. (B) The BV/TV value of the maxilla in periodontitis was significantly decreased. (C) HE staining shows the pathological changes in rat periodontal tissue. The control group (scale bar, 500 μm) with a black box designating close-up (scale bar, 200 μm) shows a normal periodontal structure. The periodontitis group (scale bar, 500 μm) with a black box designating close-up (scale bar, 200 μm) shows junctional epithelium migration to the roots, and inflammatory cells infiltrate the connective tissue (black arrowheads). (D) Serum adiponectin level in the periodontitis group was significantly lower than that in the control group. (E) Serum level of fasting plasma insulin was significantly higher in the periodontitis group. (F) Fasting plasma glucose level was not different between the two groups. (G) The HOMA-IR in the periodontitis group was higher than that in the control group. (H) Adiponectin was inversely associated with HOMA-IR. CEJ = cement-enamel junction, S = sulcus, Data are presented as the mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001 vs. the control group