Table 1 Qualitative Synthesis Results
From: Importance of periodontal phenotype in periodontics and restorative dentistry: a systematic review
Sl. No | Citation No. | Type of study | Kind of Clinical trial | Number of Participants | Intervention | Outcome measures and summary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | [16] | Review | A Literature Review | - | Gingival health | Subjects with thin and narrow gingiva tend to have more gingival recession compared with those with thick and wide gingiva. |
2 | [17] | Review | A Systematic review | - | Graft material | It was observed that any graft material was able to significantly enhance gingival thickness (GT). |
3 | [23] | Review | A Meta- regression analysis | - | Periodontal flap technique | Soft tissue thickness (STT) plays a limited role in predicting root coverage across all approaches; when flaps are performed with no graft, the effect of STT is most critical. |
4 | [24] | An original research | A randomized controlled clinical trial | 30 | Connective tissue graft | Both procedures were effective for root coverage at single RT1 recession with previously restored cement-enamel junction (CEJ). Adding a connective tissue graft (CTG) under CAF should be considered for Rec with thin gingival phenotype. |
5 | [25] | Case report | Case report | 1 | Periodontal Accelerated Osteogenic Orthodontics | In patients with dentofacial deformities and a thin periodontal phenotype, multi-disciplinary treatment that includes periodontal accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) could be effective, and could improve both the quality and safety of orthodontic-orthognathic therapy. |
6 | [15] | A Review | A cluster analysis | - | Sagittal craniofacial profile | A moderate correlation was found between mandibular gingival thickness and the sagittal craniofacial profile. Patients with a concave craniofacial profile had a smaller keratinized gingiva width and gingival thickness in the aesthetic zone. |
7 | [28] | A Review | A Review | - | Allogenous dermal matrix | Allogenous dermal matrix (ADM) is a viable option for soft tissue augmentation, as well as for treatment approaches involving buccal bone gain. |
8 | [29] | An original research | A randomized controlled clinical trial | 60 | Sub-epithelial connective tissue graft, Leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin membrane | All the three surgical techniques for root coverage: the coronally advanced flap (CAF), with a sub-epithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) or with leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) membranes produced significant gingival recession (GR) reduction and clinical attachment level (CAL) gain |
9 | [31] | An original research | A randomized controlled clinical trial | 20 | Mini-Five Gracey Curettes | The use of Mini-Five Gracey Curettes (MFC) resulted in a greater pocket depth (PD) reduction and lower rate of recession depth (RD) in the short term. |
10 | [32] | An original research | A multicenter inter- and intra-examiner agreement study | 28 | 2018 Classification of Gingival Recession Defects and Gingival Phenotype | The 2018 Classification of Gingival Recession Defects and Gingival Phenotype is clinically reproducible within the examiners, and when the variables forming the matrix are analyzed individually. |
11 | [33] | An original research | A randomized controlled clinical trial | 50 | Modified coronally advanced tunnel technique | Both the modified coronally advanced tunnel technique (MCAT) and free gingival grafts (FGG) were successful in terms of gingival phenotype modification in the anterior mandible. |
12 | [39] | A Review | A narrative review | - | Periodontal outcomes | Periodontal diagnostic criteria should be thoroughly reviewed before fixed restorative treatments are planned and executed. |
13 | [40] | A Review | A consensus statement | - | Modification of gingiva | Patients with thin gingival tissue and mucogingival defects may benefit from phenotype modification therapy (PhMT-s) intervention and may require a secondary procedure to achieve optimal outcomes. |
14 | [42] | An original research | A comparative cohort study | 28 | Soft tissue phenotype modification | Soft tissue phenotype modification, either pouch roll or modified roll technique, during uncovering surgery resulted in favorable clinical outcomes. |
15 | [43] | An original research | A retrospective study | 111 | Connective tissue grafting | Surgical modification of peri-implant soft tissue phenotype via phenotype modification therapy (PhMT-s) may decrease the amount of mucosal recession (MR). |
16 | [45] | An original research | Description of surgical technique | 1 | Omega roll envelope flap | The omega roll envelope flap technique has shown advantages as maximizes the amount of connective tissue that can be rolled within the buccal flap. |
17 | [46] | A case series | A prospective case series | 10 | Microsurgical roll-in-envelope flap | In presence of sufficient periimplant supporting tissues and when indicated, the roll-in-envelope flap (RIE) seems to yield superior outcomes reducing pain/discomfort compared to connective tissue grafts. |
18 | [49] | An original research | A randomized controlled clinical trial | 26 | Zirconia abutments | Zirconia abutments exhibited better results than titanium abutments in terms of the peri-implant tissues. Moreover, in those with a thin phenotype, zirconia provided improved gingival esthetics. |
19 | [50] | A case series | A Retrospective Case Series | 14 | Vestibular Incision Subperiosteal Tunnel Access | Treatment of multiple gingival recession defects with vestibular incision subperiosteal tunnel access (VISTA) and subepithelial connective tissue grafts (SCTG) led to stable gingival thickness gains and shows promise as a strategy for phenotype modification therapy. |
20 | [51] | An original research | A Controlled Clinical Trial | 41 | Connective tissue graft | There are no significant differences in the outcomes of immediate implant placement for patients with different soft tissue phenotypes. |