Fig. 1

Chronic restraint stress induced psychiatric symptoms, stimulate hormone secretion, and promote tumor growth. a Body weight curve of Con and CRS groups. b Results of behavioral assessment, include open field test (OFT), tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST). c Growth curves of tumor volume and weight of tumor nodules. d Tumor nodules of both groups. e mRNA expression of tumor regulatory factors and EMT-related markers in mice xenografts. f Levels of plasma NE and mRNA expression of ADRB2 in tumor tissue. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 6); *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001