Fig. 4

Overexpression of ALDH3A1 inhibited the migration and invasion of OSCC cells under chronic stress. a, b Rate of cell cycle and apoptosis in both groups was determined by flow cytometry. c Cell migration ability of HN6 and HSC4 cell lines in NE + Lv-con and NE + Lv-ALDH3A1 groups was determined using wound-healing assays. Scale bars, 400 μm. d mRNA expression of tumor regulatory factors and EMT-related markers in OSCC cells in both groups. e Cell invasion ability of HN6 and HSC4 cells was determined using trans-well assays. Scale bars, 200 μm. f Protein levels of E-cadherin and N-cadherin in both groups of OSCC cells (The blots were cropped and the full-length raw blots are provided in the supplementary). g Confocal laser scanning microscope images of immunofluorescent staining of E-cadherin and N-cadherin in OSCC cells, blue for nuclear, green for cytoskeleton and red for protein, Scale bars, 25 μm. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3); *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001