Table 5 Summary of previous case reports of orofacial fascial space abscess
Case number, year [ref] | Age/sex | Clinical symptoms (Initial/ Additional) | Initial diagnosis | Diagnostic methods | Abscess location (space) | Suspicious sources of orofacial infection | Treatment | Duration from onset to first visit | Duration from first visit to abscess diagnosis | Duration from onset to abscess diagnosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1, 1996 [6] | 62/M | Facial swelling, trismus, pain | Parotitis (at another clinic) | Enhanced CT, MRI, blood test | Masticator | #17; dental caries | Masseter muscle dissection, I&D, antibiotics | 3 years | Immediate | 3 years |
2, 1996 [7] | 69/M | Facial swelling, dysphagia, pain, fever, tachypnea, tachycardia | Space abscess | CT, blood test | Masticator, submandibular, parapharyngeal, peritonsillar | #37; dental caries, periapical abscess | I&D, tracheotomy, antibiotics | Un-known | Immediate | Unknown |
3, 1999 [8] | 51/M | Facial swelling, trismus, pain, fever | Space abscess | Panoramic view, ultrasound scan, blood test, urea test | Masticator | #38; pericoronitis | Needle aspiration, I&D, antibiotics | 2 days | Immediate | 2 days |
4, 1999 [8] | 21/M | Facial swelling, dysphagia, trismus, lymphadenopathy | Space abscess | Panoramic view, ultrasound scan, blood test, urea test | Masticator | #38; pericoronitis | Needle aspiration, I&D, antibiotics | Unknown | Immediate | Unknown |
5, 2001 [9] | 25/M | Facial swelling, pain, intra-oral fistula | Space abscess | Enhanced CT, CT, dual-isotope scan | Masticator, subdural | Right molars; dental caries, periapical abscess | I&D, antibiotics, neuro-surgical drainage | 5 days | Immediate | 5 days |
6, 2008 [10] | 62/F | Trismus, pain | TMD (ADD without reduction) | MRI, blood test | Masticator | #17; periodontitis | I&D, antibiotics | 1 week | 5 days | 12 days |
7, 2008 [10] | 68/F | Trismus, pain | TMD (at another clinic) | Enhanced CT, MRI, blood test | Masticator | #37; dental caries, #38; pericoronitis | I&D, antibiotics | Unknown | Immediate | Unknown |
8, 2009 [11] | 61/M | Headache, dysphagia, fever / Facial swelling, trismus | Headache | CT, blood test | Masticator, parapharyngeal, intra-orbital, intra-cranial | #26–27 | I&D, bur hole drainage, antibiotics | 1 week | 5 days | 12 days |
9, 2010 [12] | 49/M | Facial swelling, trismus, pain, visual disturbance | Space abscess, thrombosis | CT, MRI, blood test | Masticator, parapharyngeal, cavernous sinus | #16,18,48; dental caries | I&D, antibiotics | 5 days | Immediate | 5 days |
10, 2011 [13] | 50/F | Facial swelling, trismus, pain, fever, dyspnea, dysphagia, foreign sensation of neck | Space abscess | Panoramic view, CT, blood test | Masticator, submandibular, cervical | #45–47; dental caries | I&D, cervicotomy, antibiotics | 10 days | Immediate | 10 days |
11, 2013 [14] | 28/F | Facial swelling, trismus, pain | Space abscess | CT | Masticator | #38; dental caries | I&D, antibiotics | 1 week | Immediate | 1 week |
12, 2013 [15] | 6/M | Trismus, ear pain, fever, vomiting, neck stiffness | Otitis media (at another clinic) | CT, blood test | Masticator, TMJ space | Unknown | Arthrocentesis, antibiotics | 1 week | Immediate | 1 week |
12, 2013 [15] | 18/F | Trismus, pain / Facial swelling | TMD (at another clinic) | Enhanced CT, blood test | Masticator, deep temporal, skull base, TMJ space | Left wisdom teeth | I&D, antibiotics, arthrocentesis | 3 weeks | 4 days | 25 days |
13, 2014 [16] | 14/F | Facial swelling, sinus congestion, gray drainage | Allergic fungal sinusitis | CT, MRI | Infratemporal, maxillary sinus, middle cranial | Sinus infection | Abscess drainage, craniotomy, antibiotics | 1 year | Immediate | 1 year |
14, 2014 [17] | 75/M | Trismus, tonsillar swelling, pain / Facial swelling | Peritonsil abscess | CT, blood test | Masticator, submandibular, parapharyngeal | Peritonsilar abscess | I&D, antibiotics | 5 days | 2 days | 1 week |
15, 2014 [17] | 90/F | Facial swelling, trismus, pain | Peritonsil abscess | Enhanced CT, blood test | Masticator, parapharyngeal | Peritonsilar abscess | I&D, antibiotics | 3 days | 4 days | 1 week |
16,2015 [18] | 56/F | TMJ area swelling, trismus, pain, fever | TMD (at another clinic) | Ultrasound, MRI, blood test | Masticator, intracranial | Unknown | Antibiotics | 1 week | Immediate | 1 week |
17, 2015 [3] | 66/M | Pain / Trismus | TMD | Enhanced CT, blood test | Masticator | Facial acupressure massage | I&D, antibiotics | 3 days | 1 week | 10 days |
18, 2016 [19] | 79/F | Facial swelling, trismus, pain | Space abscess | Enhanced CT | Masticator, parapharyngeal | Unknown | I&D, antibiotics | 1 week | Immediate | 1 week |
19, 2019 [20] | 38 | Facial swelling, pain, headache, oral ulcer | Space abscess | CT, MRI, blood test | Masticator, epidural | Lung infection | Burr hole drainage, antibiotics | 3 weeks | Immediate | 3 weeks |
20, 2020 [21] | 53/M | Facial swelling, pain, fever | Space abscess | CT, MRI, blood test | Masticator | #38; pericoronitis | I&D, antibiotics | 10 days | Immediate | 10 days |
21, 2021 [22] | 53/M | Facial swelling, pain, trismus, pain, speaking problem | Space abscess | Enhanced CT, blood test | Masticator, buccal, sphenoid bone, whole brain | #37; periodontitis | Neuro-surgical drainage, antibiotics | 2 weeks | Immediate | 2 weeks |
22, 2022 [23] | 50s/M | Trismus, pain / Facial swelling, dysphagia | TMD (at another clinic) | Enhanced CT, blood test | Masticator, parotid, submandibular, parapharyngeal | Intra-muscular stimulation | I&D, antibiotics | 4 weeks | Immediate | 4 weeks |
23, 2023 [24] | 84/F | Facial swelling, trismus, pain | Space abscess | CT | Masticator, infratemporal, extra-cranial | Unknown | I&D, antibiotics | 2 days | Immediate | 2 days |