Table 2 Clinical and radiographic outcomes at the baseline (T0), 6-month follow-up (T1), and last follow-up (T2) after regenerative treatment of intrabony defects

Clinical outcomes

PPD

 Total

7.9 ± 1.9

(7.6–8.2)

5.4 ± 1.7^***

(5.2–5.7)

5.2 ± 1.6

(4.9–5.4)

7.6 ± 1.5

(7.4–7.9)

5.8 ± 1.5^***

(5.5–6.0)

5.3 ± 1.5^**

(5.1–5.5)

0.001

0.115

0.028

 One-wall

9.0 ± 2.0

(8.4–9.6)

6.7 ± 1.3^***

(6.3–7.1)

6.0 ± 1.6

(5.8–6.9)

8.3 ± 1.7

(7.8–8.7)

6.8 ± 0.9^***

(6.6–7.0)

6.1 ± 1.3^**

(5.7–6.4)

0.031

0.718

0.078

 Two-wall

7.7 ± 1.8

(7.3–8.1)

5.4 ± 1.5^***

(5.0–5.7)

5.1 ± 1.4

(5.5–6.9)

7.4 ± 1.5

(6.9–8.0)

5.6 ± 1.4^***

(5.1–6.1)

5.2 ± 1.4

(4.7–5.7)

0.036

0.308

0.239

 Three-wall

7.4 ± 1.7

(7.0–7.8)

4.6 ± 1.6^***

(4.3–5.0)

4.6 ± 1.5

(5.0–6.5)

7.1 ± 1.1

(6.8–7.4)

4.8 ± 1.5^***

(4.4–5.2)

4.6 ± 1.4

(4.3–5.0)

0.112

0.414

0.354

CAL

 Total

8.5 ± 2.1

(8.2–8.8)

6.0 ± 2.1^***

(5.7–6.3)

5.8 ± 2.1

(5.5–6.1)

8.1 ± 1.9

(7.8–8.4)

6.1 ± 2.0^***

(5.8–6.4)

5.9 ± 2.1

(5.6–6.2)

0.008

0.864

0.019

 One-wall

9.5 ± 2.1

(8.9–10.1)

7.9 ± 1.6^***

(7.4–8.4)

7.6 ± 1.8

(7.1–8.1)

8.8 ± 1.8

(8.3–9.2)

7.5 ± 1.3^***

(7.1–7.8)

6.9 ± 1.7

(6.5–7.4)

0.580

0.367

0.880

 Two-wall

8.4 ± 2.0

(7.9–8.9)

5.9 ± 1.7^***

(5.5–6.3)

5.6 ± 1.7

(6.0–7.7)

8.0 ± 1.9

(7.4–8.7)

5.7 ± 1.8^***

(5.1–6.3)

5.5 ± 1.8

(4.8–6.2)

0.744

0.518

0.517

 Three-wall

8.1 ± 1.9

(7.6–8.5)

4.7 ± 1.9^***

(4.2–5.2)

4.8 ± 2.0

(5.3–7.3)

7.4 ± 1.7

(6.9–7.8)

5.0 ± 2.0^***

(4.5–5.5)

5.1 ± 2.1

(4.5–5.6)

0.001

0.854

0.003

Radiographic outcomes

Defect depth

 Total

6.8 ± 2.6

(6.5–7.2)

4.5 ± 2.1^***

(4.2–4.8)

4.3 ± 2.1

(4.0–4.6)

6.6 ± 2.4

(6.2–7.0)

4.7 ± 1.9^***

(4.4–5.0)

4.6 ± 1.9

(4.3–4.9)

0.034

0.799

0.040

 One-wall

7.6 ± 3.2

(6.7–8.6)

4.8 ± 2.6^***

(4.0–5.6)

4.4 ± 2.7

(3.6–5.2)

7.7 ± 2.8

(7.0–8.4)

5.8 ± 1.8^***

(5.3–6.2)

5.6 ± 1.7

(5.2–6.0)

0.065

0.557

0.037

 Two-wall

6.7 ± 2.4

(6.2–7.3)

5.0 ± 1.7^***

(4.6–5.4)

4.9 ± 1.6

(5.3–6.9)

5.8 ± 2.2

(5.0–6.5)

4.7 ± 1.7^**

(4.0–5.3)

4.6 ± 1.7

(4.0–5.2)

0.160

0.830

0.148

 Three-wall

6.4 ± 2.2

(5.9–6.9)

3.6 ± 1.8^***

(3.1–4.0)

3.5 ± 1.8

(4.0–5.8)

6.1 ± 1.6

(5.7–6.5)

3.7 ± 1.7^***

(3.3–4.1)

3.6 ± 1.8

(3.1–4.1)

0.124

0.867

0.296

Defect width

 Total

1.7 ± 1.0

(1.5–1.8)

1.2 ± 1.0^***

(1.0–1.3)

1.1 ± 0.9

(1.0–1.2)

1.7 ± 1.2

(1.6–1.9)

1.4 ± 1.1

(1.3–1.6)

1.5 ± 1.2

(1.3–1.7)

0.067

0.102

0.007

 One-wall

1.9 ± 1.0

(1.6–2.2)

1.5 ± 1.2

(1.1–1.9)

1.4 ± 1.0

(1.1–1.7)

1.9 ± 1.2

(1.7–2.2)

1.8 ± 0.8

(1.6–2.0)

2.0 ± 1.2

(1.7–2.3)

0.179

0.119

0.028

 Two-wall

1.6 ± 0.9

(1.4–1.8)

1.3 ± 0.9^**

(1.1–1.5)

1.1 ± 0.7

(1.3–1.9)

1.5 ± 0.6

(1.3–1.7)

1.2 ± 0.3^**

(1.1–1.3)

1.0 ± 0.3^**

(0.9–1.1)

0.835

0.731

0.957

 Three-wall

1.6 ± 1.1

(1.3–1.8)

0.8 ± 0.9^***

(0.6–1.1)

0.9 ± 1.1

(1.1–2.2)

1.7 ± 1.4

(1.3–2.0)

1.2 ± 1.4

(0.8–1.6)

1.3 ± 1.4

(1.0–1.7)

0.170

0.653

0.136