Fig. 5
Immunohistochemical Analysis of VEGF and CD31 Expression. C represents the control group, while 0–5 correspond to various levels of laser radiation characterized by energy densities of 0 J/cm2, 1.7 J/cm2, 3.5 J/cm2, 5.3 J/cm2, 7.1 J/cm2, and 8.8 J/cm2. A Immunohistochemical staining results of VEGF in various groups, showing OTM lateral maxilla and first molar sagittal tissue sections at 40x magnification, as well as local periodontal tissue of the distal root of the first molar at 200x magnification. B Comparison of VEGF expression in the periodontal ligament on the tension side between the control group and the experimental group(*: P < 0.05; compared to the control group; #: P < 0.05,; compared to the OTM group). C Immunohistochemical staining results of CD31 in different groups, presenting OTM lateral maxilla and first molar sagittal tissue sections at 40x magnification, and local periodontal tissue of the distal root of the first molar at 200x magnification. D Comparison of the expression levels of CD31 in the periodontal ligament on the tension side between the control group and the experimental group(*: P < 0.05; compared to the control group; #: P < 0.05,; compared to the OTM group)