Comparison of Easydo Activator, ultrasonic and needle irrigation techniques on sealer penetration and smear layer removal in vitro

Table 2 Sealer penetration area (mm²), depth (mm), and percentage (%) of the test groups at 1 mm from the apex

Group	1 mm	No.	Mean	Median	Standard deviation	Minimum	Maximum
Group 1 Needle Irrigation	Area^†	9	0.511	0.468	0.122	0.396	0.792
	Depth^†	9	0.182	0.191	0.047	0.094	0.238
	Percentage^†	9	7.640	7.540	0.630	6.790	8.440
Group 2 Passive ultrasonic irrigation	Area^†	9	0.707	0.630	0.235	0.432	1.188
	Depth^‡	9	0.391	0.354	0.073	0.297	0.532
	Percentage^‡	9	14.57	15.12	2.330	10.62	17.35
Group 3 Easydo Activator	Area^§	9	2.069	1.890	0.650	1.485	3.519
	Depth^§	9	0.726	0.659	0.163	0.574	1.079
	Percentage^§	9	45.94	45.73	12.37	34.15	74.33

Different superscript symbols indicate a significant difference at the 5% significance level (P < 0.05). (Data with the same superscript are not significantly different)

ISSN: 1472-6831