Fig. 4

Primary culture and multi-lineage differentiation tests of the isolated adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). a: In vitro culturing ASCs at passage three; calcified nodules detected by Alizarin red S staining after four weeks inducement; lipid droplets within cells detected by oil red O staining after 28 days inducement; cartilage proteoglycan detected by Alcian blue staining after three weeks inducement. b: The amount of BMP-2 secreted by ASCs at sequent time points was determined by ELISA assay. Non-transduced ASCs were used as the control. The value at each time point represents the concentration of BMP-2 in the harvested media at the time point when the media was replaced (*, p < 0.05). c: The figure shows flow cytometry data for ASCs. The harvested cells expressed surface markers associated with stem cell function, such as CD105 and CD44; barely expressed CD34, CD45, or CD11b