Fig. 4

To investigate the potential pathways involved in TLRs-attenuated osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs, cells were pretreated with an Akt inhibitor or TRIF inhibitor 30 min prior to TLR agonist exposure and maintained in osteogenic induction medium (OM). Mineralisation was examined by Alizarin Red S staining (A). The relative absorbance of the solubilised alizarin red dye was measured at 570 nm (B). Bars indicate the statistically significant difference between groups (p < 0.05)