Table 3 All different stimulating and unstimulating saliva sampling methods/devices

Passive drooling

Patients tilt their head down and let saliva accumulate in their mouth without swallowing

*

9 [53, 55, 56, 58, 59, 63, 67, 69, 72]

Spitting

Spitting can be executed either continuously or with intervals of passive drooling

*

3 [51, 60, 65]

Salivette® (non-coated)

Cotton rolls are placed inside mouth to absorb saliva

*

*

4 [50, 51, 57, 765]

Salivette® (polypropylene-covered)

Cotton rolls are placed inside mouth to absorb saliva

*

1 [50]

Salivette® (citric-acid-coated)

Cotton rolls are placed inside mouth to absorb saliva

*

1 [54]

Paraffin wax

Chewing the wax to stimulate saliva

*

2 [50, 52]

Parafilm®

Chewing the Parafilm® to stimulate saliva

*

1 [51]

Mint-flavored gum

Chewing the mint-flavored gum to stimulate saliva

*

1 [51]

Oragene® self-collection DNA kit

Similar to spitting but with a guiding tool

*

1 [54]

Cotton swab soaked in 2% citric acid

Patients are asked to touch the tip of their tongue several times with this 2% citric acid-coated cotton swab to stimulate saliva

*

1 [55]

Maxisal™ (lozenge form)

A dietary supplement to increase the secretion of saliva. Patients are asked to take one lozenge 25 min before sampling

*

1 [58]

Smell of freshly baked bacon

Patients are exposed to this smell 5 min before sampling

*

1 [58]

Salimetrics® collection kit

Each kit has 3 sorbettes (cotton pads on a stick). Each sorbette must be placed under patient’s tongue

*

2 [61, 71]

Merocel® ophthalmic sponge

The sponge is placed under the tongue for 30 s

*

1 [62]

MicroFLOQ® Direct swabs (wet or dry)

Each swab is used either dry or wet (moistened with 1μl of molecular grade water). Swabs are rubbed inside the cheeks

*

1 [64]

Whatman FTA™ Cards

A foam tipper applicator is rubbed inside the cheek for 30s

*

1 [65]

DNA-SAL™

First the applicator is rubbed inside the cheeks. Then a small quantity of mouth rinse is swished and spat into the collection tube along with the applicator

*

1 [65]

MDML™

A device used for indicating drug abuse from collecting saliva. Red line means positive result of drug abuse

*

1 [66]

DDS2™

DDS2™ is a mobile system swabbed around the tongue, gums and inside the cheeks

*

1 [66]

Quantisal®

An absorptive cellulose pad placed under the tongue until the indicator turns completely blue

*

1 [64]

Certus®

An absorptive polyethylene pad placed under the tongue until the indicator turns completely blue

*

1 [64]

Salivac®

Pacifier collection device placed inside the mouth for 2 min

*

1 [71]