Table 1 Cephalometric measurements

Skeletal measurements

 SNA (°)

The angle between 3-point landmarks: S, N, and A point

 SNB (°)

Sella-nasion to B point angle

 ANB (°)

The angle between 3-point landmarks: A, N, B

Vertical skeletal measurements

 LAFH (mm.)

Lower anterior facial height (mm): distance between ANS and menton

 PFH (mm.)

Posterior facial height (mm): distance between S and Gonion

Dental measurements

 U1-SN (°)

The angle measured between the long axis of the upper central incisor and the SN plane

 U3 angle (°)

The angle measured between the long axis of the canine (cusp tip to root apex) and the Sella-Nasion line

 U6 angle (°)

The angle measured between the long axis of the mesiobuccal cusp to the mesiobuccal root apex of the maxillary first molar and the Sella- Nasion line

 L6 angle (°)

The angle measured between the long axis of the mesiobuccal cusp to the mesial root apex of the mandibular first molar and the Sella-Nasion line

 IMPA (°)

The angle measured between the long axis of the mandibular central incisor and the Gonion-Menton line

 Interincisal angle: IIA (°)

The angle measured between the long axis of the upper and lower central incisor

Dental Linear measurements

 U3 VP (mm.)

The vertical distance from the horizontal plane (SN-7) to the upper canine cusp tip

 U6 VP (mm.)

The vertical distance from the horizontal plane (SN-7) to mesiobuccal cusp tip of the upper fisrt molar

 L6m VP (mm.)

The vertical distance from the horizontal plane (SN-7) to the mesiobuccal cusp tip of the lower fisrt molar

 L6d VP (mm.)

The vertical distance from the horizontal plane (SN-7) to the distobuccal cusp tip of the lower fisrt molar

 L6 AP position (mm.)

The horizontal distance from the mesiobuccal cusp tip of the lower fisrt molar to the vertical plane (perpendicular to the horizontal plane (SN-7) from S point)