Skip to main content

Table 2 Means and standard deviations of pain scores in the LLLT and LIPUS and control groups at different time points

From: The effectiveness of low-level laser therapy and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound in reducing pain induced by orthodontic separation: a randomized controlled trial

 

5 min

1 h

6 h

12 h

24 h

48 h

72 h

96 h

LLLT group

LIPUS group

Control group

P-Value a

4.16 ± 6.21

4.06 ± 5.89

16.45 ± 21.9

0.002

2.18 ± 4.82

2.60 ± 4.72

19.79 ± 23.08

< 0.001

4.68 ± 4.99

6.97 ± 6.82

38.75 ± 28.27

< 0.001

6.35 ± 6.66

4.68 ± 5.68

51.66 ± 31.52

< 0.001

12.70 ± 9.50

11.35 ± 9.60

57.91 ± 27.20

< 0.001

2.18 ± 4.60

2.50 ± 5.25

47.91 ± 25.17

< 0.001

0.72 ± 2.30

1.04 ± 3.56

39.79 ± 25.45

< 0.001

2.50 ± 3.71

3.12 ± 4.07

31.04 ± 23.01

< 0.001

  1. aKruskal Wallis test; C indicates control group; LLLT, low-level laser group; LIPUS, low-intensity pulsed ultrasound group