Table 1 A glossary of terms used in oral health
Term | Agreement with term to be include in the glossary (%) | Definition | Agreement with term definition (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
1. Artificial intelligence in oral health (AI) | 96.6 | AI is a field that deals with theory and development of computer systems with an ability to perform tasks that mimic human’s intelligence processes, like problem-solving and decision-making. In oral health AI can support oral health specialists (and connected domains) in early identification of oral diseases, decision making, rapid and reliable data interpretation, workflow automation, treatment monitoring, disease and treatment outcomes prediction and overall improved care quality and patient experience [25]. | 100.0 |
2. Convolutional neural network (CNN) | 79.3 | CNNs are a class of artificial neural networks in deep learning. It is a conceptual framework for developing AI algorithms. CNNs are currently used in image and speech analysis, for example [44]. | 92.9 |
3. Deep learning | 86.2 | Deep learning is a particularly complex type of machine learning that uses volumes of data and complex algorithms to train a model [26]. | 85.7 |
4. Digital health | 100.0 | Digital health is an Umbrella term that comprises e-health (including mobile health) and the use of computational sciences in artificial intelligence, big data and genomics [1]. Digital health extends the concept of e-health to include digital consumers, with a wider range of smart devices and connected equipment. It also encompasses digital health technologies such as the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, robotics and data analytics [16]. | 92.9 |
5. e-consent | 86.2 | A digital or electronic record of a healthcare consumer’s/ patient’s choices, and decision they have voluntarily made to agree to permit more specific treatment, or diagnosis related actions received from health providers [41]. | 100.0 |
6. e-health | 96.6 | Is the use of information and communication technology to support health and health-related fields, including healthcare services, surveillance, education, and research [16]. | 85.7 |
7. e-health record | 86.2 | A digital repository of patient data that facilitates data entry, interoperability, and transportability of retrospective, current, and prospective information concerning a patient’s health across varied providers and geographic locations, in chronological order [27, 45]. | 92.9 |
8. e-learning | 93.1 | e-Learning refers to the use of digital technologies to deliver educational content and support learning in healthcare [28]. e-learning can be provided through a wide range of digital tools and platforms, such as online courses, virtual classrooms, webinars, educational software, and mobile apps. | 100.0 |
9. e-oral health | 100.0 | e-oral health can be described as the use of information and communication technologies in support of oral health care and fields related to oral health care, including oral health surveillance, promotion, education, and research [31]. | 92.9 |
10. e-prescription | 89.7 | An electronic time-limited authorization for the provision of medication to the recipient from a licensed authority. | 92.9 |
11. e-referral | 86.2 | The digital exchange of significant patient information from one treating healthcare provider to another via a system of creating, storing and sharing electronic reports [40]. | 85.7 |
12. Gamification | 82.8 | Gamification in health is “the application of the characteristics and benefits of games to real-world, non-game processes, problems, or productive activities, and environments, to encourage their users to improve health.” [29, 30]. | 92.9 |
13. Health informatics | 82.8 | A discipline or a field of science and engineering that aims at developing methods and technologies for the acquisition, processing, and study of health data, which can come from different sources and modalities, such as electronic health records, diagnostic test results, medical scans [18, 39]. | 92.9 |
14. Health telematics | 82.8 | Health-related activities, services, and systemsprovided despite geographical barriers by means of information and telecommunication technologies, for the purposes of global health promotion, disease control and health care, as well as education, management, and research for health [19]. | 78.6 |
15. Digital Health Technology | 82.8 | Any digital health technology that aims to enable the management of health systems and services, delivery, and consumption of consumer care, medical care, or broader healthcare [21]. | 85.7 |
16. Health Information and Communication Technologies | 79.3 | A set of technologies resulting from the convergence of computing and advanced multimedia and telecommunications techniques, for processing, storage, dissemination, and exchange of health information [16, 42]. | 85.7 |
17. Internet of Things | 79.3 | A system of interrelated computing devices or mechanical and digital machines connected to the internet, with the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to computer interaction [16, 31]. | 85.7 |
18. Machine learning in oral health | 96.6 | Machine Learning (ML) is a subset of Artificial Intelligence, focused on allowing a machine to automatically learn from data without explicit programming [26]. | 92.9 |
19. m-oral health | 100.0 | The use of mobile and wireless technologies (such as mobile phones, tablet computers, and personal digital assistants) to support the achievement of oral health objectives/ dental public health objectives [16, 43]. | 100.0 |
20. Natural language processing | 72.4 | An intersection of AI and linguistics that refers to computer systems that analyse, understand, or process human language. Natural language processing (NLP) is a set of automated methods to organize and evaluate the information contained in unstructured clinical notes [32]. | 92.9 |
21. Patient portal for health information | 86.2 | A health information technology tool through which patients can access their electronic health records (EHRs) upload additional health information and schedule appointments or interact with providers by chatting to them [33, 34]. | 85.7 |
22. Real-time (synchronous) telehealth consultation | 86.2 | Live, two-way interaction between a person (patient, caregiver, or provider) and a health care provider often using audio-visual telecommunications technology [43]. | 92.9 |
23. Robotics / Robotics for healthcare | 82.8 | Robotics for healthcare are machines with “systems able to perform coordinated mechatronic actions (force or movement exertions) based on processing information acquired through sensor technology, to support the functioning of impaired individuals, health interventions, care and rehabilitation of patients and also individuals in prevention programs” [22]. | 85.7 |
24. Store-and-forward (asynchronous) telehealth consultation | 89.7 | Transmission of recorded health data information (for example, radiographs, photographs, video, digital impressions, and photomicrographs of patients) through an electronic communications system to a health care provider or providers, who uses the information later to evaluate a patient’s condition or render a service outside of a real-time or live interaction [43]. | 85.7 |
25. Teleassistance | 89.7 | One health care provider assisting another care provider carrying out specific tasks by means of digital technologies [23]. | 78.6 |
26. Telecare | 82.8 | Systems and services where patients and healthcare providers interact remotely to support healthcare delivery by means of digital technologies [23]. | 92.9 |
27. Teleconsultation | 89.7 | A consultation made by a healthcare provider with another health care provider or patient via telecommunication technologies; sometimes referred to as remote consultation or virtual consultations, or e-consultations [20]. | 100.0 |
28. Teledentistry | 96.6 | Teledentistry represents the uses of Information and telecommunication technology to provide oral healthcare services between an oral healthcare provider and a patient/recipient or other health care providers, who are separated by distance [16, 24]. | 100.0 |
29. Telediagnosis | 86.2 | The use of information and telecommunication technology, to establish a diagnosis based on remotely gathered information (e.g., intra-oral cameras) instead of a face-to-face interaction [35]. | 100.0 |
30. Tele-health education | 82.8 | A process to promote changes in health attitudes, knowledge, information, behaviours, and skills, by means of information and communication technologies by and for consumers, health professionals and communities, for the purpose of fostering improved health [19]. It may include, audio or video technologies provided synchronously or asynchronously [36]. | 85.7 |
31. Telehealth | 96.6 | A collection of information and telecommunications technologies and services that support at-a-distance healthcare delivery and services to a recipient. | 92.9 |
32. Teleintervention | 72.4 | A therapeutic act which is performed remotely by a healthcare provider on a patient/recipient, without or with the local presence of another healthcare provider or providers (e.g., telesurgery) [23]. | 92.9 |
33. Telemedicine | 86.2 | The provision of healthcare services using information and telecommunication technology where the health care provider and a patient or another health care provider not in the same location [24]. | 92.9 |
34. Telemonitoring | 89.7 | The remote monitoring and evaluation of health and health-related data (e.g., tooth brushing data) between a patient and healthcare provider [37]. | 100.0 |
35. Telesurgery | 79.3 | The remote controlling of a surgical apparatus, e.g., a surgical robot, or the remote advice to the surgeon on-site [23]. | 100.0 |
36. Teletriage | 93.1 | Evaluation of a patient’s symptoms through remote consultation to establish the need and urgency for face-to-face care [38]. | 92.9 |
37. Wearable Sensors | 86.2 | Electronic devices that can be worn on the body to provide real-time sensing information about the wearer, and his/her environment. | 100.0 |