Table 1 Summary table of patient characteristics by cases and controls (N = 144)

Age, years, mean ± SD

55.9 ± 13.9

55.5 ± 13.9

57.0 ± 14.1

0.56

Age group n (%)

N

(%)

N

(%)

N

(%)

20–29

5

(3.5)

3

(2.9)

2

(4.8)

30–39

11

(7.6)

9

(8.8)

2

(4.8)

40–49

33

(22.9)

26

(25.5)

7

(16.7)

50–59

30

(20.8)

19

(18.6)

11

(26.2)

60–69

45

(31.3)

31

(30.4)

14

(33.3)

70–79

15

(10.4)

10

(9.8)

5

(11.9)

80+

5

(3.5)

4

(3.9)

1

(2.4)

Sex, n (%)

0.72

Female

134

(93.1)

94

(92.2)

40

(95.2)

Male

10

(6.9)

8

(7.8)

2

(4.8)

Race, n (%)

0.61

Black or African American

21

(14.6)

13

(12.7)

8

(19.0)

White

78

(54.2)

56

(54.9)

22

(52.4)

Unknown

45

(31.3)

33

(32.4)

12

(28.6)

Ethnicity, n (%)

0.61

Hispanic or Latino

7

(5.4)

6

(6.8)

1

(2.4)

Not Hispanic or Latino

1

(0.8)

1

(1.1)

0

(0.0)

Unknown

122

(93.8)

81

(92.0)

41

(97.6)

Dental insurance, n (%)

0.88

Government

2

(1.4)

2

(2.0)

0

(0.0)

Grant

1

(0.7)

1

(1.0)

0

(0.0)

Private

35

(24.3)

26

(25.5)

9

(21.4)

Self-Pay

106

(73.6)

73

(71.6)

33

(78.6)

Medical insurance, n (%)

0.68

Commercial

44

(32.6)

33

(35.1)

11

(26.8)

Public

82

(60.7)

55

(58.5)

27

(65.9)

Others

9

(6.7)

6

(6.4)

3

(7.3)

Medical diagnosis, n (%)

< 0.001*

Yes

133

(93.0)

101

(99.0)

32

(78.0)

No

10

(7.0)

1

(1.0)

9

(22.0)

Medication use, n (%)

0.45

Yes

135

(93.8)

97

(95.1)

38

(90.5)

No

9

(6.3)

5

(4.9)

4

(9.5)

Preventive visit rate (First-Last visit)^b, median (q1, q3)

0.8 (0.3,1.1)

0.8 (0.3,1.3)

0.7 (0.3,1.0)

0.47

Preventive visit rate (First visit-Index date)^c, median (q1, q3)

1.0 (0.3, 2.3)

1.0 (0.3, 2.2)

1.2 (0.5, 2.5)

0.51