Table 2 Demographical and clinical characteristics of the studies selected for the systematic review
From: Oral findings and comprehensive dental management of Moebius syndrome: a systematic review
No. | Authors/ Year/ Country | Type of Study/Cases No. | A/G | Extraoral Manifestations | Oral Manifestations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Aren G, (2002), Turkey [30] | Case Report 1 | 7/M | Bilateral facial paralysis, lack of facial expression, blinking, visual problems, speech difficulties, and malformations of the upper and lower limbs | Tongue deformities and dental caries |
2 | De Serpa Pinto et al., (2002), Brazil [15] | Case Series 12 | 9 = M, 3 = F, Mean age = 6 | 12 = Bilateral and unilateral facial paralysis and malformations of the upper and lower limbs | 12 = Micrognathia, microstomia, cleft palate, gothic palate, tongue deformities anterior open bite |
3 | Chungyoon and Zakaria (2003), USA [20] | Case Report 1 | 18/M | Lack of facial expression, blinking, and visual problems | Periodontal disease, dental caries, and odontogenic abscesses |
4 | Sensat et al., (2003), USA [21] | Case Report 1 | 40/M | Bilateral facial paralysis, lack of facial expression, dysphagia, blinking, and visual problems | Microdontia, microstomia, periodontal disease, and dental caries |
5 | Magalhães et al., (2006), Brazil [16] | Case Series 29 | 18 = M, 11 = F, Mean age = 1,5 | 29 = Blinking, visual problems, and malformations of the upper and lower limbs | 29 = Micrognathia, tongue deformities, cleft palate, and gothic palate |
6 | Lima et al., (2008), Brazil [17] | Case Report 1 | 5/M | Unilateral facial paralysis, lack of facial expression, blinking, and visual problems, speech difficulties, and compromised breathing | Tongue deformities and anterior open bite |
7 | Scarpelli et al., (2008), Brazil [18] | Case Report 1 | 5/M | Bilateral facial paralysis and speech difficulties | Micrognathia, gothic palate, tongue deformities, dental caries, Class II malocclusion, and anterior open bite |
8 | Escoda-Francolí et al., (2009), Spain [23] | Case Report 1 | 49/F | Malformations of the upper and lower limbs | Microstomia, total edentulism, and cleft palate |
9 | Cai et al., (2012), China [25] | Case Series 3 | 2 = M, 1 = F, Mean age = 19,3 | 2 = Bilateral facial paralysis, blinking, and visual problems 1 = Unilateral facial paralysis, blinking, and visual problems | 3 = Labial incompetence, anterior open bite with mandibular hyperplasia, crowded dentition, tongue deformities |
10 | Guijarro-Martínez et al., (2012), Spain [24] | Case Report 1 | 15/F | Lack of facial expression and speech difficulties | Labial incompetence, anterior open bite tongue deformities, reduced vestibular depth in the upper and low lip, and periodontal disease |
11 | Bianchi et al., (2013), Italy [26] | Case Report 1 | 23/M | Bilateral facial paralysis | Micrognathia, and Class II malocclusion |
12 | Greene et al., (2015), United Kingdom [31] | Care Report 1 | 12/M | Speech difficulties | Velopharyngeal dysfunction |
13 | Pradhan et al., (2015), Australia [32] | Case Report 1 | 19/F | Lack of facial expression | Dental caries |
14 | Magnifico et al., (2017) Italy [27] | Case Report 1 | 23/M | Bilateral facial paralysis, blinking, and visual problems | Micrognathia, labial incompetence, and crowded dentition |
15 | Magnifico et al., (2017) Italy [36] | Case series 58 | NI / Mean age = 10 | 50 = Strabismus, absence of blinking 24 = Malformations of the upper and lower limbs 28 = Reduced TMJ movements | 42 = Tongue deformities 8 = Lip and palatal cleft 40 = Labial incompetence |
16 | Mahrous et al., (2018), USA [22] | Case Report 1 | 40/F | Bilateral facial paralysis, blinking, visual problems, and malformations of the upper and lower limbs | Micrognathia, complete edentulism, reduced vestibular depth, microstomia, tongue deformities, |
17 | Cudzilo and Brzozowska, (2019), Poland [33] | Case Report 1 | 9/F | Bilateral facial paralysis and lack of facial expression | Crowded dentition, hypoplastic enamel, and periodontal disease |
18 | Freire et al., (2019), Brazil [19] | Case Report 1 | 5 months/F | Lack of facial expression, blinking, and visual problems | Micrognathia, microstomia, and tongue deformities |
19 | Hassib et al., (2020), Egypt [34] | Case Series 4 | 4 = M Mean age = 3,8 | 4 = Lack of facial expression, blinking, visual problems, and malformations of the upper and lower limbs | 4 = Gothic palate, dental caries, periodontal disease, tongue deformities, microdontia, enamel hypoplasia, premature eruption |
20 | Chen et al., (2021), China [12] | Case report 1 | 21/M | Lack of facial expression, blinking, and visual problems | Microstomia, crowded dentition, periodontal disease, dental caries, and gothic palate |
21 | Lee and Moon, (2022). Korea [35] | Case Report 1 | 7/M | Blinking, visual problems, and malformations of the upper and lower limbs | Microstomia, tongue deformities, anterior deep bite |
22 | Duggal et al., (2023), India [28] | Case Report 1 | 9/F | Bilateral facial paralysis, lack of facial expression, blinking, and visual problems | Anterior open bite, crowded dentition |
23 | Mittal et al., (2023), India [29] | Case Report 1 | 5/M | Hypotonia, malformations of the upper and lower limbs, lack of facial expression, blinking and visual problems, and compromised breathing | Gothic palate, dental caries, periodontal disease, hypoplastic enamel, microstomia, and micrognathia |