Variables | Total (n = 5917) | Non-caries (n = 3230) | Caries (n = 2687) | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years, Mean (S.E) | 9.29 (0.10) | 8.33 (0.17) | 10.59 (0.18) | < 0.001 |
Age, n (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 <12 | 4002 (64.66) | 2336 (70.80) | 1666 (56.39) |  |
 ≥12 | 1915 (35.34) | 894 (29.20) | 1021 (43.61) |  |
Gender, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.263 |
 Male | 2987 (50.92) | 1597 (49.86) | 1390 (52.35) |  |
 Female | 2930 (49.08) | 1633 (50.14) | 1297 (47.65) |  |
Race, n (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Non-Hispanic White | 1862 (51.34) | 1136 (55.99) | 726 (45.08) |  |
 Non-Hispanic Black | 1487 (13.58) | 817 (13.74) | 670 (13.36) |  |
 Others | 2568 (35.08) | 1277 (30.28) | 1291 (41.57) |  |
PIR, n (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 <1.0 | 1780 (23.26) | 829 (18.51) | 951 (29.66) |  |
 ≥1.0 | 4137 (76.74) | 2401 (81.49) | 1736 (70.34) |  |
Household food security category, n (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Full food security | 3251 (62.51) | 1941 (68.25) | 1310 (54.78) |  |
 Marginal food security | 964 (13.88) | 491 (12.36) | 473 (15.94) |  |
 Low food security | 1119 (15.68) | 517 (12.71) | 602 (19.68) |  |
 Very low food security | 583 (7.92) | 281 (6.68) | 302 (9.60) |  |
BMI, kg/m2, Mean (S.E) | 19.96 (0.12) | 19.28 (0.12) | 20.87 (0.18) | < 0.001 |
Obesity, n (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 No | 4635 (79.39) | 2598 (81.13) | 2037 (77.05) |  |
 Yes | 1282 (20.61) | 632 (18.87) | 650 (22.95) |  |
Birth weight, pounds, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.529 |
 <5.5 | 912 (13.24) | 491 (13.38) | 421 (13.05) |  |
 5.5-9.0 | 4574 (78.08) | 2534 (78.59) | 2040 (77.40) |  |
 ≥9.0 | 431 (8.68) | 205 (8.03) | 226 (9.55) |  |
Smoking during pregnant, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.003 |
 No | 5164 (87.42) | 2862 (89.36) | 2302 (84.80) |  |
 Yes | 753 (12.58) | 368 (10.64) | 385 (15.20) |  |
Cotinine, ng/mL, n (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 ≤0.05 | 2472 (45.88) | 1277 (43.44) | 1195 (49.18) |  |
 >0.05 | 1816 (27.12) | 846 (23.65) | 970 (31.79) |  |
 Unknown | 1629 (27.00) | 1107 (32.91) | 522 (19.03) |  |
Total energy intake, kcal, Mean (S.E) | 1864.66 (14.37) | 1807.87 (15.50) | 1941.20 (28.15) | < 0.001 |
Total sugar intake, gm, Mean (S.E) | 109.96 (1.08) | 106.69 (1.42) | 114.37 (1.87) | 0.004 |
VD, gm, Mean (S.E) | 7.85 (0.35) | 8.23 (0.42) | 7.33 (0.60) | 0.230 |
Fiber intake, gm, Mean (S.E) | 13.87 (0.18) | 13.67 (0.24) | 14.14 (0.21) | 0.122 |
Frequency of tooth brushing, times/ 1Â day, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.836 |
 <2 | 1980 (34.03) | 1075 (33.78) | 905 (34.36) |  |
 ≥2 | 3937 (65.97) | 2155 (66.22) | 1782 (65.64) |  |
Amount of toothpaste use, n (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 <half load | 2154 (39.42) | 1285 (43.00) | 869 (34.59) |  |
 ≥half load | 3763 (60.58) | 1945 (57.00) | 1818 (65.41) |  |
Time period since last dental visit, years, n (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 <1 | 4728 (80.43) | 2436 (76.43) | 2292 (85.82) |  |
 1–2 | 458 (7.52) | 233 (7.00) | 225 (8.21) |  |
 ≥2 | 731 (12.05) | 561 (16.56) | 170 (5.97) |  |
Physical activity, n (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 =7 | 2516 (40.80) | 1487 (45.46) | 1029 (34.52) |  |
 <7 | 3401 (59.20) | 1743 (54.54) | 1658 (65.48) |  |
Ca intake, n (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Reach recommendation level | 1942 (34.73) | 1177 (38.19) | 765 (30.06) |  |
 Not reach recommendation level | 3975 (65.27) | 2053 (61.81) | 1922 (69.94) |  |
Combined effect between Ca intake and physical activity, n (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Ca reach recommendation level & physical activity = 7 | 990 (16.70) | 633 (19.68) | 357 (12.67) |  |
 Ca reach recommendation level & physical activity < 7 | 952 (18.03) | 544 (18.51) | 408 (17.39) |  |
 Ca not reach recommendation level & physical activity = 7 | 1526 (24.11) | 854 (25.78) | 672 (21.85) |  |
 Ca not reach recommendation level & physical activity < 7 | 2449 (41.16) | 1199 (36.03) | 1250 (48.09) |  |