Table 3 Comparison of dental health indices by groups (n:300)

Children’s age

 6–9 years

1.4 ± 2.23

1.0 (< 0.001-2.0)

0.009

5.6 ± 3.32

6.0 (3.0–8.0)

< 0.001

 10–12 years

1.9 ± 1.98

1.0 (< 0.001-4.0)

1.5 ± 2.14

< 0.001 (< 0.001-3.0)

Sex*

 Girls

1.8 ± 1.86

1.0 (< 0.001-4.0)

0.152

2.8 ± 3.14

2.0 (< 0.001-5.0)

0.668

 Boys

1.7 ± 2.29

1.0 (< 0.001-3.0)

3.1 ± 3.43

2.0 (< 0.001-6.0)

Children’s education*

 Elementary school

1.4 ± 2.23

1.0 (< 0.001-2.0)

0.009

5.6 ± 3.32

6.0 (3.0–8.0)

< 0.001

 Secondary school

1.9 ± 1.98

1.0 (< 0.001-4.0)

1.5 ± 2.14

< 0.001 (< 0.001-3.0)

Children’s BMI classification (total)**

 Underweight

1.6 ± 1.91

1.0 (< 0.001-3.0)

4.1 ± 3.47

4.0 (< 0.001-6.0)

 Normal

1.9 ± 2.33

1.0 (< 0.001-3.3)

0.535

3.1 ± 3.58

2.0 (< 0.001-6.3)

0.104

 Overweight

1.5 ± 1.63

1.0 (< 0.001-3.0)

2.1 ± 2.74

1.0 (< 0.001-4.0)

 Obese

1.6 ± 1.98

1.0 (< 0.001-3.0)

2.7 ± 2.64

2.0 (< 0.001-5.0)

Children’s BMI classification (boy)**

 Underweight

1.5 ± 2.19

1.0 (< 0.001-2.0)

0.788

3.3 ± 3.43

3.0 (< 0.001-5.0)

0.390

 Normal

1.9 ± 2.67

1.0 (< 0.001-3.0)

3.1 ± 3.67

2.0 (< 0.001-6.0)

 Overweight

1.3 ± 1.46

1.0 (< 0.001-3.0)

2.5 ± 3.26

0.5 (< 0.001-4.3)

 Obese

1.2 ± 1.47

0.5 (< 0.001-3.0)

3.7 ± 2.72

4.0 (1.0–6.0)

Children’s BMI classification (girl)**

 Underweight

1.7 ± 1.73

1.0 (< 0.001-3.5)

0.997

4.7 ± 3.45

4.0 (2.5–7.5)

0.052

 Normal

1.8 ± 1.77

2.0 (< 0.001-4.0)

3.1 ± 3.47

2.0 (< 0.001-7.0)

 Overweight

1.6 ± 1.76

1.0 (< 0.001-4.0)

2.8 ± 2.21

2.0 (< 0.001-3.0)

 Obese

1.9 ± 2.34

1.0 (< 0.001-3.0)

2.8 ± 2.20

2.0 (< 0.001-3.5)

Tooth brushing*

 Sometimes

1.7 ± 1.94

1.0 (< 0.001-3.0)

0.808

3.4 ± 3.46

3.0 (< 0.001-6.0)

0.112

 Always

1.7 ± 2.20

1.0 (< 0.001-3.0)

2.6 ± 3.12

1.5 (< 0.001-4.8)

Frequency of tooth-brushing*

 Once a day

1.5 ± 1.96

1.0 (< 0.001-3.0)

0.014

3.1 ± 3.36

< 0.001 (2.0-5.5)

0.161

 Twice or three times a day

2.1 ± 2.29

2.0 (< 0.001-4.0)

2.6 ± 3.15

1.0 (< 0.001-5.0)

Mother’s age (years)**

 25–34

1.9 ± 2.38

2.0 (< 0.001-4.0)

0.310

4.0 ± 3.60

4.0 (< 0.001-7.0)^a

0.002

 35–44

1.6 ± 2.00

1.0 (< 0.001-3.0)

2.5 ± 3.10

1.0 (< 0.001-4.0)^b

 45+

1.8 ± 1.62

1.5 (< 0.001-3.3)

2.8 ± 2.87

2.5 (< 0.001-4.3)^a.b

Father’s age (years)**

 25–34

2.1 ± 3.08

1.5 (< 0.001-3.0)

0.679

4.7 ± 4.27

4.5 (< 0.001-8.0)

0.064

 35–44

1.7 ± 1.96

1.0 (< 0.001-3.0)

2.8 ± 3.19

2.0 (< 0.001-5.0)

 45+

1.6 ± 1.93

1.0 (< 0.001-3.0)

2.7 ± 2.91

2.0 (< 0.001-5.0)

Mother’s education*

 <High school

2.3 ± 2.39

2.0 (< 0.001-4.0)

0.000

3.8 ± 3.89

3.0 (< 0.001-7.0)

0.008

 ≥ High school

1.4 ± 1.85

1.0 (< 0.001-3.0)

2.5 ± 2.83

1.0 (< 0.001-5.0)

Father’s education*

 <High school

2.3 ± 2.76

2.0 (< 0.001-4.0)

0.063

4.5 ± 3.74

4.0 (1.0–8.0)

< 0.001

 ≥ High school

1.6 ± 1.86

1.0 (< 0.001-3.0)

2.6 ± 3.05

1.0 (< 0.001-5.0)

KIDMED**

 Optimal

1.2 ± 1.68

< 0.001 (< 0.001-2.0) ^a

0.003

3.2 ± 3.11

3.0 (< 0.001-5.0)

0.207

 Improvement needed

1.7 ± 1.91

1.0 (< 0.001-3.0) ^a

3.0 ± 3.42

2.0 (< 0.001-6.0)

 Low

2.4 ± 2.74

2.0 (0.3-4.0) ^b

2.5 ± 3.26

< 0.001 (< 0.001-5.0)