Table 1 Basic characteristics of included studies
Author | Year | Study design | Treatment | N | Age | Male/female (N) | Treatment time | SNA(°) | SNB(°) | ANB(°) | Outcomes | NOS quality assessment | Jadad quality assessment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Schaefer | 2004 | Prospective cohort | Stainless steel Crown Herbst appliance | 28 | 11 years 9 months ± 1 year | 7/21 | 13 months | 81.7 ± 2.8 | 76.2 ± 2.4 | 5.5 ± 1.8 | Skeletal, dentoalveolar, soft tissue | 6 |  |
|  |  |  | Twin block appliance | 28 | 12 years 5 months ± 1 year | 7/21 |  | 82.0 ± 3.3 | 75.8 ± 2.7 | 6.2 ± 1.7 |  |  |  |
Baysal | 2013 | RCT | Herbst appliance | 20 | 12.74 ± 1.43 years | 9/11 | 15.81 ± 5.96 months | 80.92 ± 1.13 | 74.1 ± 2.08 | 6.77 ± 1.56 | Skeletal, dentoalveolar, soft tissue |  | 4 |
|  |  |  | Twin block appliance | 20 | 13 ± 1.32 years | 10/10 | 16.20 ± 7.54 months | 80.72 ± 0.99 | 74.7 ± 1.77 | 6.02 ± 1.17 |  |  |  |
Baysal | 2014 | RCT | Herbst appliance | 20 | 12.74 ± 1.43 years | 9/11 | 15.81 ± 5.96 months | 80.92 ± 1.13 | 74.1 ± 2.08 | 6.77 ± 1.56 | Skeletal, dentoalveolar |  | 4 |
|  |  |  | Twin block appliance | 20 | 13 ± 1.32 years | 10/10 | 16.20 ± 7.54 months | 80.72 ± 0.99 | 74.7 ± 1.77 | 6.02 ± 1.17 |  |  |  |
Seker | 2020 | Retrospective cohort | Stainless steel Crown Herbst appliance | 20 | 12.58 ± 0.5 years | 5/15 | 9.2 ± 2 months |  |  |  | Dentoalveolar | 5 |  |
|  |  |  | Twin block appliance | 20 | 11.08 ± 0.3 years | 7/13 | 11.1 ± 4 months |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Guler | 2020 | RCT | Herbst appliance | 20 | 13.11 ± 2.22 years | 8/12 | 9.15 ± 0.93 months |  |  |  | Soft tissue |  | 3 |
|  |  |  | Twin block appliance | 20 | 12.35 ± 1.01 years | 8/12 | 9.55 ± 1.46 months |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Kannan | 2022 | Retrospective cohort | banded Herbst | 15 | male: 13.5 years ± 1 month female: 12.8 years ± 2 months | 10/5 | 6 months ± 1.1 months |  |  |  | Skeletal, soft tissue | 5 |  |
|  |  |  | Twin block | 15 | male: 13.1 years ± 2 months female: 12 years ± 1 month | 11/4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Kurt | 2010 | Retrospective cohort | Herbst appliance | 10 | 14.56 ± 1.59 years | 4/6 |  | 79.9 ± 3.47 | 73.85 ± 2.82 | 6.05 ± 1.16 | Skeletal, dentoalveolar, soft tissue | 5 |  |
|  |  |  | Twin block appliance | 10 | 12.91 ± 0.90 years | 4/6 |  | 78.8 ± 4.09 | 73.45 ± 3.13 | 5.35 ± 1.87 |  |  |  |
O'Brien | 2003 | RCT | Herbst appliance | 105 | 12.74 (95% CI 12.48–12.99) years | 50/55 | 5.81 (95% CI 5.13–6.48) months |  |  |  | Skeletal, dentoalveolar |  | 4 |
|  |  |  | Twin block appliance | 110 | 12.41 (95% CI 12.17–12.63) years | 48/62 | 11.22 (95% CI 9.58–12.86) months |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Yanqi Wu | 2023 | Retrospective cohort | Herbst appliance | 11 | 11.55 ± 0.69 years | 4/7 | 10.18 ± 3.06 months | 81.02 ± 2.13 | 73.66 ± 3.37 | 7.70 ± 3.70 | Skeletal, dentoalveolar, soft tissue | 5 |  |
|  |  |  | Twin block appliance | 12 | 11.00 ± 1.04 years | 7/5 | 10.16 ± 5.46 months | 81.71 ± 2.40 | 74.08 ± 2.34 | 7.80 ± 1.40 |  |  |  |
Yu Song | 2008 | Retrospective cohort | Herbst appliance | 20 | 11.6 (10, 13) years | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Skeletal, dentoalveolar | 5 | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Twin block appliance | 20 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Ganfang Deng | 2013 | Retrospective cohort | Herbst appliance | 16 | 10 (8, 14) years | 18/14 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Skeletal, dentoalveolar | 7 | Â |
| Â | Â | Â | Twin block appliance | 16 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Zhen Yang | 2011 | Retrospective cohort | Herbst appliance | 19 | 10.5 ± 0.6 years | 11/8 |  |  |  |  | Skeletal, dentoalveolar | 7 |  |
|  |  |  | Twin block appliance | 19 | 10.3 ± 0.5 years | 12/7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |