Table 2 Comparison of Twin Block appliance and Herbst appliance in the treatment of Class II malocclusion in children

Maxillary skeletal changes

 SNA change

Hebst VS Twin Block

Overall

-0.19 (-0.48, 0.11)

0.219

0.0

Sensitivity analysis

-0.19 (-0.48, 0.11)

Mandibular skeletal changes

 SNB change

Hebst VS Twin Block

Overall

0.26 (-0.54, 1.07)

0.524

90.5

Sensitivity analysis

0.26 (-0.54, 1.07)

 Go-Gn change

Hebst VS Twin Block

Overall

1.44 (0.93, 1.96)

< 0.001

0.0

Sensitivity analysis

1.44 (0.93, 1.96)

 Co-Gn change

Hebst VS Twin Block

Overall

0.16 (-0.88, 1.19)

0.766

71.7

Sensitivity analysis

0.16 (-0.88, 1.19)

Interdental

 Overjet change

Hebst VS Twin Block

Overall

1.11 (-0.18, 2.41)

0.091

81.2

Sensitivity analysis

1.11 (-0.18, 2.41)

 Overbite change

Hebst VS Twin Block

Overall

0.13 (-0.42, 0.69)

0.639

33.0

Sensitivity analysis

0.13 (-0.42, 0.69)

 Interincisal angle

Hebst VS Twin Block

Overall

-3.59 (-7.66, 0.49)

0.085

0.0

Sensitivity analysis

-3.59 (-7.66, 0.49)

 Molar relationship change

Hebst VS Twin Block

Overall

0.79 (0.28, 1.29)

0.002

0.0

Sensitivity analysis

0.796 (0.28, 1.29)

Maxillary/Mandibular

 ANB change

Hebst VS Twin Block

Overall

-0.48 (-1.69, 0.74)

0.442

95.8

Sensitivity analysis

-0.48 (-1.69, 0.74)

Vertical skeletal

 N-Me change

Hebst VS Twin Block

Overall

-0.90 (-1.99, 0.19)

0.106

0.0

Sensitivity analysis

-0.90 (-1.99, 0.19)

 ANS-Me change

Hebst VS Twin Block

Overall

-0.85 (-2.19, 0.49)

0.212

70.4

Sensitivity analysis

-0.85 (-2.19, 0.49)

 S-Go change

Hebst VS Twin Block

Overall

-1.23 (-2.08, -0.38)

0.005

48.3

Sensitivity analysis

-1.23 (-2.08, -0.38)

 Co-Go change

Hebst VS Twin Block

Overall

-0.53 (-1.73, 0.66)

0.380

78.9

Sensitivity analysis

-0.53 (-1.73, 0.66)

Soft tissue

 Nasolabial angle change

Hebst VS Twin Block

Overall

-1.34 (-5.53, 2.85)

0.531

65.3

Sensitivity analysis

-1.34 (-5.53,2.85)

 SN-GoGn change

Hebst VS Twin Block

Overall

0.07 (-0.47, 0.61)

0.793

0.0

Sensitivity analysis

0.07 (-0.47, 0.61)

 N-Sn-Pog change

Hebst VS Twin Block

Overall

-1.89 (-3.12, -0.66)

0.003

0.0

Sensitivity analysis

-1.89 (-3.12, -0.66)

 N-Prn-Pog change

Hebst VS Twin Block

Overall

-0.95 (-1.94, 0.05)

0.062

0.0

Sensitivity analysis

-0.95 (-1.94, 0.05)

 Lower facial height ratio change

Hebst VS Twin Block

Overall

0.03 (-0.03, 0.08)

0.343

0.0

Sensitivity analysis

0.03 (-0.03, 0.08)

Maxillary dentoalveolar

 U1 to SN change

Hebst VS Twin Block

Overall

3.34 (2.25, 4.43)

< 0.001

75.7

Sensitivity analysis

3.34 (2.25, 4.43)

 U1 to palatal plane change

Hebst VS Twin Block

Overall

-0.16 (-1.12, 0.81)

0.751

72.7

Sensitivity analysis

-0.16 (-1.12, 0.81)

 U6 to palatal plane change

Hebst VS Twin Block

Overall

-0.36 (-1.20, 0.48)

0.402

76.6

Sensitivity analysis

-0.36 (-1.20, 0.48)

Mandibular dentoalveolar

 L1 to MP change (°)

Hebst VS Twin Block

Overall

2.64 (2.09, 3.19)

< 0.001

0.0

Sensitivity analysis

2.64 (2.09, 3.19)

 L1 to MP change (mm)

Hebst VS Twin Block

Overall

0.76 (0.22, 1.31)

0.006

0.0

Sensitivity analysis

0.76 (0.22, 1.31)

 L6 to MP change (mm)

Hebst VS Twin Block

Overall

-0.36 (-1.36, 0.64)

0.482

61.8

Sensitivity analysis

-0.36 (-1.36, 0.64)