Table 3 Demographic data and clinical characteristics of controls and periodontitis patients
|  | Controls (N = 204) | Periodontitis patients (N = 203) | p level |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years, mean ± SD) | 48.6 ± 6.0 | 54.3 ± 7.4 | < 0.05 |
Sex: Female N (%) | 96 (47.1) | 104 (51.2) | Â |
 Male N (%) | 108 (52.9) | 99 (48.8) | 0.229†|
Smokers N (%) | 58 (31.0) | 57 (30.5) | 0.506†|
Probing pocket depth (mm) (mean ± SD) | 1.51 ± 0.27 1.36 ± 0.24 (non-smokers) 1.63 ± 0.30 (smokers) | 5.26 ± 0.71 5.39 ± 1.0 (non-smokers) 5.76 ± 0.95 (smokers) | < 0.001* |
Clinical attachment loss (mm) (mean ± SD) | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 4.24 ± 1.35 4.17 ± 1.34 (non-smokers) 4.69 ± 1.36 (smokers) | < 0.001* |
Gingival index (mean ± SD) | 0.40 ± 0.31 0.42 ± 0.28 (non-smokers) 0.39 ± 0.35 (smokers) | 0.89 ± 0.35 0.95 ± 0.40 (non-smokers) 0.91 ± 0.23 (smokers) | < 0.001* |
Mühlemann index♦ (mean ± SD) | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 2.08 ± 0.66 2.03 ± 0.66 (non-smokers) 2.18 ± 0.66 (smokers) | < 0.001* |