Table 1 Raw deviations (averages and 95% confidence intervals) from the MIP on the x (sagittal) and y (vertical) axes for different CR determination techniques on the right side. Significant differences from the MIP (i.e., sagittal = 0, vertical = 0) are marked with italics and asterisks

Apex of the gothic arch tracer (A)

0.28 mm, 95% CI [0.06, 0.51]*

-0.5 mm, 95% CI [-0.87, -0.12]*

Adduction field (B)

0.37 mm, 95% CI [0.02, 0.72]*

-0.47 mm, 95% CI [-0.88, -0.06]*

Dawson technique (C)

0 mm, 95% CI [-0.23, 0.23]

0.17 mm, 95% CI [-0.11, 0.45]

Tongue at the palatal rugae (D)

0.78 mm, 95% CI [0.35, 1.22]*

-0.24 mm, 95% CI [-0.54, 0.05]

Tongue at the hard-soft palate border (E)

0.1 mm, 95% CI[-0.15, 0.36]

0.23 mm, 95% CI [-0.02, 0.48]

Active retrusion (F)

-0.24 mm, 95% CI [-0.37, -0.11]*

0.34 mm, 95% CI [0.11, 0.58]*

Passive retrusion (G)

-0.35 mm, 95% CI [-0.56, 0.14]*

-0.05 mm, 95% CI [-0.43, 0.33]