Table 4 Data about chronological age (CA) and dental age (DA) among the studies that evaluated vertical discrepancies

Jamroz at al., 2006 [41]

Demirjian

Vertical (LAFH/TAFH ≥58º%)

107

11.00

1.00

11.60

1.20

0.60

1.0

• No difference was observed between the groups.

Horizontal (LAFH/TAFH ≤56º)

69

11.40

0.80

12.10

1.20

0.70

1.0

Janson et al., 1998 [16]

Demirjian

Vertical (LAFH/TAFH= NR)

20

9.20

1.05

10.04

1.69

NR

NR

• The vertical group presented a significantly advanced DA in comparison to the horizontal group.

Horizontal (LAFH/TAFH= NR)

20

9.25

1.02

9.50

1.38

NR

NR

Jo et al., 2021 [5]

Demirjian

Normal (SN-GoMe= 33-40º)

93

11.20

1.70

12.70

2.22

NR

NR

• DA was highest in the vertical growth group.

• The vertical growth group showed significantly greater DA than the normal growth group.

• The difference in DA was not statistically significant when assessed between the horizontal growth and the normal growth groups.

Vertical (SN-GoMe ≥41º)

49

11.60

1.70

13.67

1.94

NR

NR

Horizontal (SN-GoMe <33º)

42

11.70

1.70

12.11

1.83

NR

NR

Kamble et al., 2014 [35]

Demirjian

Normal (NR)

20

10.90

0.47

11.49

0.74

NR

NR

• The vertical group presented a significantly advanced DA in comparison to the horizontal group.

Vertical (NR)

20

10.14

0.98

10.67

1.02

NR

NR

Horizontal (NR)

20

10.24

1.45

9.66

1.46

NR

NR

Neves et al., 2005 [30]

Demirjian

Vertical^a

30

8.47

NR

8.94

0.75

NR

NR

• The vertical group presented a significantly advanced DA in comparison to the horizontal group.

Horizontal^a

30

8.42

NR

8.17

0.48

NR

NR

Sukhia and Fida, 2010 [37]

Demirjian

Normal (LAFH/TAFH 56-58%)

88

NR

NR

12.94

2.17

NR

NR

• No difference was observed among the groups.

Vertical (LAFH/TAFH ≥59%)

88

NR

NR

12.68

2.33

NR

NR

Horizontal (LAFH/TAFH <55%)

88

NR

NR

13.22

2.17

NR

NR