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Table 8 Assessment of certainty of evidence of the evaluation of the association between malocclusion and dental age considering the sex (GRADE)

From: Association between dental age and malocclusions: a systematic review

Certainty assessment

Participants

(studies)

Follow-up

Risk of bias

Inconsistency

Indirectness

Imprecision

Publication bias

Overall certainty of evidence

Sagittal discrepancies in males

 1148*

(4 observational studies)

seriousa

seriousb

not serious

not serious

none

Very low

Sagittal discrepancies in females

 1250*

(4 observational studies)

seriousa

seriousb

not serious

not serious

none

Very low

Vertical discrepancies in males

 240

(4 observational studies)

very seriousc

not serious

not serious

seriousd

none

Very low

Vertical discrepancies in females

 233

(4 observational studies)

very seriousc

not serious

not serious

seriousd

none

Very low

  1. aMost of the studies included presented a moderate risk of bias
  2. bThe studies included presented different directions of effect
  3. cThe studies included presented a moderate or high risk of bias
  4. dThe optimal information size (≥400) was not attended
  5. *One study did not present the number of participants per group