Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants

State, n (%)

    Kunming

1106 (42.5)

373 (62.1)

492 (38.1)

229 (33.6)

12 (44.4)

    Qujing

236 (9.1)

41 (6.8)

122 (9.5)

71 (10.4)

2 (7.4)

    Honghezhou

184 (7.1)

26 (4.3)

92 (7.1)

62 (9.1)

4 (14.8)

    Dali

173 (6.7)

29 (4.8)

80 (6.2)

63 (9.2)

1 (3.7)

    Yuxi

165 (6.3)

15 (2.5)

92 (7.1)

57 (8.4)

1 (3.7)

    Wenshanzhou

114 (4.4)

24 (4)

61 (4.7)

29 (4.3)

0 (0)

    Chuxiongzhou

110 (4.2)

10 (1.7)

62 (4.8)

38 (5.6)

0 (0)

    Zhaotong

88 (3.4)

20 (3.3)

49 (3.8)

19 (2.8)

0 (0)

    Lincang

79 (3.0)

15 (2.5)

41 (3.2)

20 (2.9)

3 (11.1)

    Lijiang

73 (2.8)

8 (1.3)

52 (4)

13 (1.9)

0 (0)

    Xishuangbanna

66 (2.5)

6 (1)

46 (3.6)

14 (2.1)

0 (0)

    Baoshan

58 (2.2)

8 (1.3)

25 (1.9)

24 (3.5)

1 (3.7)

    Dehong

56 (2.2)

8 (1.3)

30 (2.3)

17 (2.5)

1 (3.7)

    Pu′er

54 (2.1)

12 (2)

20 (1.6)

20 (2.9)

2 (7.4)

    Nujiang

19 (0.7)

2 (0.3)

15 (1.2)

2 (0.3)

0 (0)

    Diqing

19 (0.7)

4 (0.7)

11 (0.9)

4 (0.6)

0 (0)

Nature of institutions, n (%)

    Public

596 (22.9)

195 (32.4)

215 (16.7)

172 (25.2)

14 (51.9)

    Nonpublic

2004 (77.1)

406 (67.6)

1075 (83.3)

510 (74.8)

13 (48.1)

Type of institution, n (%)

    General Hospital Stomatology

492 (18.9)

67 (11.1)

230 (17.8)

182 (26.7)

13 (48.1)

    General Clinic Stomatology

271 (10.4)

175 (29.1)

89 (6.9)

7 (1)

0 (0)

    Primary Care Stomatology

402 (15.5)

230 (38.3)

155 (12)

17 (2.5)

0 (0)

    Stomatological Hospital

23 (0.9)

0 (0)

1 (0.1)

11 (1.6)

11 (40.7)

    Dental Clinic

1406 (54.1)

126 (21)

813 (63)

464 (68)

3 (11.1)

    Others

6 (0.2)

3 (0.5)

2 (0.2)

1 (0.1)

0 (0)

Provide sterilization, n (%)

Dentistry

1510 (58.1)

324 (53.9)

854 (66.2)

324 (47.5)

8 (29.6)

Central Sterile Supply Department

731 (28.1)

201 (33.4)

294 (22.8)

226 (33.1)

10 (37)

Comanagement

359 (13.8)

76 (12.6)

142 (11)

132 (19.4)

9 (33.3)

Sterilizers, n (%)

    0

44 (1.7)

21 (3.5)

18 (1.4)

4 (0.6)

1 (3.7)

    1

1632 (62.8)

492 (81.9)

858 (66.5)

281 (41.2)

1 (3.7)

    2

518 (19.9)

54 (9)

227 (17.6)

233 (34.2)

4 (14.8)

    3

217 (8.3)

34 (5.7)

92 (7.1)

84 (12.3)

7 (25.9)

    4

62 (2.4)

0 (0)

30 (2.3)

27 (4)

5 (18.5)

    5

99 (3.8)

0 (0)

56 (4.3)

40 (5.9)

3 (11.1)

    >5

28 (1.1)

0 (0)

9 (0.7)

13 (1.9)

6 (22.2)

Dental unit, Median (IQR)

2.0 (2.0, 4.0)

1.0 (1.0, 1.0)

2.0 (2.0, 3.0)

5.0 (4.0, 7.0)

24.0 (20.0, 35.5)

Total handpieces, Median (IQR)

23.0 (11.0, 40.0)

8.0 (4.0, 13.0)

21.0 (13.0, 31.0)

47.0 (32.2, 71.8)

139.0 (92.5, 270.5)

Disinfection, Median (IQR)

1.0 (0.0, 3.0)

1.0 (0.0, 2.0)

1.0 (0.0, 3.0)

2.0 (1.0, 3.0)

4.0 (2.0, 5.0)

Total sterilizers, Median (IQR)

1.0 (1.0, 2.0)

1.0 (1.0, 1.0)

1.0 (1.0, 2.0)

2.0 (1.0, 2.0)

4.0 (3.0, 5.0)

Dentists, Median (IQR)

2.0 (1.0, 3.0)

1.0 (1.0, 1.0)

2.0 (1.0, 2.0)

4.0 (3.0, 6.0)

16.0 (10.5, 24.5)

Dental Assistant, Median (IQR)

1.0 (1.0, 3.0)

1.0 (0.0, 1.0)

1.0 (1.0, 2.0)

4.0 (2.0, 6.0)

18.0 (12.5, 21.5)