Table 1 Sample characteristics stratified by migration background (n = 3,075)
Variables | Not having a migration background | Having a migration background | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
N = 2724 (100%) | N = 351 (100%) | ||
Sex | < 0.001 | ||
Men | 1370 (50.3%) | 132 (37.6%) | |
Women | 1351 (49.6%) | 219 (62.4%) | |
Diverse | 3 (0.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
Age | 45.5 (14.7) | 37.0 (13.6) | < 0.001 |
Children in own household | 0.39 | ||
No | 1961 (72.0%) | 245 (69.8%) | |
Yes | 763 (28.0%) | 106 (30.2%) | |
Marital status | < 0.05 | ||
Single / Divorced / Widowed / Married, not living together with spouse | 1144 (42.0%) | 169 (48.1%) | |
Married, living together with spouse | 1580 (58.0%) | 182 (51.9%) | |
Highest educational degree | < 0.001 | ||
Upper secondary school | 1140 (41.9%) | 186 (53.0%) | |
Qualification for applied upper secondary school | 278 (10.2%) | 50 (14.2%) | |
Polytechnic Secondary School | 157 (5.8%) | 11 (3.1%) | |
Intermediate Secondary School | 816 (30.0%) | 72 (20.5%) | |
Lower Secondary School | 316 (11.6%) | 31 (8.8%) | |
Currently in school training/education | 9 (0.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
Without school-leaving qualification | 8 (0.3%) | 1 (0.3%) | |
Employment status | < 0.001 | ||
Full-time employed | 1314 (48.2%) | 144 (41.0%) | |
Retired | 475 (17.4%) | 24 (6.8%) | |
Other | 935 (34.3%) | 183 (52.1%) | |
Smoking | < 0.001 | ||
Yes, daily | 652 (23.9%) | 64 (18.2%) | |
Yes, sometimes | 203 (7.5%) | 48 (13.7%) | |
No, not anymore | 772 (28.3%) | 71 (20.2%) | |
Never smoker | 1097 (40.3%) | 168 (47.9%) | |
Sports activities | 0.13 | ||
No sports activity | 747 (27.4%) | 87 (24.8%) | |
Less than one hour a week | 542 (19.9%) | 87 (24.8%) | |
Regularly, 1–2 h a week | 632 (23.2%) | 82 (23.4%) | |
Regularly, 2–4 h a week | 416 (15.3%) | 57 (16.2%) | |
Regularly, more than 4 h a week | 387 (14.2%) | 38 (10.8%) | |
Alcohol intake | < 0.05 | ||
Daily | 169 (6.2%) | 17 (4.8%) | |
Several times per week | 520 (19.1%) | 44 (12.5%) | |
Once a week | 438 (16.1%) | 57 (16.2%) | |
1–3 times per month | 466 (17.1%) | 66 (18.8%) | |
Less often | 617 (22.7%) | 98 (27.9%) | |
Never | 514 (18.9%) | 69 (19.7%) | |
Vaccinated against Covid-19 | < 0.01 | ||
No | 505 (18.5%) | 88 (25.1%) | |
Yes | 2219 (81.5%) | 263 (74.9%) | |
Chronic diseases | < 0.05 | ||
Absence of chronic diseases | 1542 (56.6%) | 223 (63.5%) | |
Presence of at least one chronic disease | 1182 (43.4%) | 128 (36.5%) | |
Self-rated health (1 = very bad to 5 = very good) | 3.6 (0.9) | 3.7 (0.8) | < 0.01 |
Oral health-related quality of life (OHIP-G5; from 0 to 20, with higher scores indicating lower oral health-related quality of life) | 2.1 (3.2) | 3.1 (4.1) | < 0.001 |