| Total | P value | Male | P value | Female | P value | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | n | (%) | N | n | (%) | N | n | (%) | ||||
Total | 6,583 | 1,810 | (27.5) | 0.021 | 3,784 | 999 | (26.4) | 0.021 | 2,799 | 811 | (29.0) | Â |
Sociodemographic information | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Age |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  20–44 | 1,071 | 161 | (15.0) | < 0.001 | 719 | 109 | (15.2) | < 0.001 | 352 | 52 | (14.8) | < 0.001 |
  45–64 | 2,569 | 746 | (29.0) |  | 1,706 | 462 | (27.1) |  | 863 | 284 | (32.9) |  |
  ≥ 65 | 2,944 | 904 | (30.7) |  | 1,359 | 428 | (31.5) |  | 1,584 | 475 | (30.0) |  |
 Grade of disability |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  4 ~ 6th | 3,970 | 1,055 | (26.6) | 0.102 | 2,283 | 577 | (25.3) | 0.103 | 1,687 | 478 | (28.3) | 0.540 |
  1 ~ 3rd |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Type of disability | 2,357 | 671 | (28.5) |  | 1,378 | 382 | (27.7) |  | 978 | 288 | (29.4) |  |
  Mental | 5,724 | 1,577 | (27.6) | 0.136 | 3,320 | 884 | (26.6) | 0.064 | 2,404 | 693 | (28.8) | 0.843 |
  Physical | 603 | 149 | (24.7) |  | 341 | 75 | (22.0) |  | 262 | 74 | (28.2) |  |
 Educational level |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  University | 854 | 113 | (13.2) | < 0.001 | 660 | 85 | (12.9) | < 0.001 | 194 | 28 | (14.4) | < 0.001 |
  High school | 1,835 | 466 | (25.4) |  | 1,301 | 307 | (23.6) |  | 534 | 159 | (29.8) |  |
  Middle school | 3,892 | 1,230 | (31.6) |  | 1,824 | 608 | (33.3) |  | 2,068 | 623 | (30.1) |  |
 Subjective SES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  Upper | 56 | 5 | (8.9) | < 0.001 | 35 | 5 | (14.3) | < 0.001 | 21 | 0 | (0.0) | < 0.001 |
  Middle | 2,071 | 314 | (15.2) |  | 1,187 | 172 | (14.5) |  | 885 | 143 | (16.2) |  |
  Low | 4,457 | 1,492 | (33.5) |  | 2,563 | 823 | (32.1) |  | 1,894 | 669 | (35.3) |  |
 Health coverage |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  NHI | 5,540 | 1,423 | (25.7) | < 0.001 | 3,197 | 779 | (24.4) | < 0.001 | 2,343 | 644 | (27.5) | < 0.001 |
  Medicaid | 1,033 | 383 | (37.1) |  | 580 | 218 | (37.6) |  | 452 | 165 | (36.5) |  |
Chronic diseases or behaviors | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Hypertension |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  No | 3,871 | 1,002 | (25.9) | < 0.001 | 2,361 | 568 | (24.1) | < 0.001 | 1,510 | 434 | (28.7) | 0.735 |
  Yes | 2,713 | 809 | (29.8) |  | 1,423 | 431 | (30.3) |  | 1,289 | 378 | (29.3) |  |
 Diabetes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  No | 5,290 | 1,368 | (25.9) | < 0.001 | 3,072 | 764 | (24.9) | < 0.001 | 2,218 | 604 | (27.2) | < 0.001 |
  Yes | 1,294 | 443 | (34.2) |  | 713 | 236 | (33.1) |  | 582 | 208 | (35.7) |  |
 Smoking |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  No | 5,230 | 1,399 | (26.7) | 0.007 | 2,539 | 635 | (25.0) | 0.006 | 2,690 | 763 | (28.4) | < 0.001 |
  Yes | 1,354 | 412 | (30.4) |  | 1,245 | 364 | (29.2) |  | 109 | 48 | (44.0) |  |
 Frequency of toothbrushing |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  ≥ 2 | 5,461 | 1,401 | (25.7) | < 0.001 | 3,100 | 757 | (24.4) | < 0.001 | 2,361 | 644 | (27.3) | < 0.001 |
  < 2 | 1,123 | 410 | (36.5) |  | 685 | 243 | (35.5) |  | 439 | 168 | (38.3) |  |
 Oral exam last year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  Yes | 2,181 | 458 | (21.0) | < 0.001 | 1,288 | 271 | (21.0) | < 0.001 | 893 | 187 | (20.9) | < 0.001 |
  No | 4,403 | 1,353 | (30.7) |  | 2,497 | 729 | (29.2) |  | 1,906 | 624 | (32.7) |  |